Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio191Exam1 > Chapter22 > Flashcards

Chapter22 Flashcards

1
Q

Speciation is a process that involves…

A

How big changes occur making new species of old ones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Speciation connects microevolution and macroevolution . T or F?

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Microevolution is local short term changes

A

Macroevolution is how huge changes over time lead to speciation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

According to the biological species concept, horses and donkeys are different species because:
A. They cannot produce a viable offspring
B. They produce a sterile offspring
C. They mate at different times of the year

A

B. They produce a sterile offspring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
Fire bellied and yellow bellied toads can produce offspring, but they live on different parts of trees. This is known as what kind of reproductive isolation? 
A. Temporal isolation 
B. Mechanical isolation 
C. Behavioral isolation 
D. Habitat isolation
A

D. Habitat Isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Species are going extinct but no new species are forming on Earth. T or F?

A

False. New species are forming all the time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Speciation can only be observed over millions of years. T or F?

A

False. It is a process we observe constantly but the outcome may take a long period of time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the biological basis for assigning all human populations to one species?

A

Body structure
Body language
We can only reproduce with each other
We have similar DNA (46 chromosomes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why are humans and chimps considered different species?

A

Body Hair/Phenotypes
Culture/Behavior
We cannot reproduce viable offspring with each other
Brains are different sizes and our thinking is utilized differently.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Between sympatric species, would you expect natural selection to favor pre or post zygotic isolating mechanisms?

A

Pre because it prevents the breeding from even occurring and prevents species from coming together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of fossil evidence would support gradualism?

A

The vestigial organs like pelvic bones in whales. They are examples of gradual changes over a long period of time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Issues with the biological species concept include…

A

Hybrids are always forming
Geography
Asexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many forms of reproduction isolation are there?

A
  1. Pre and post zygotic.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pre-zygotic reproduction isolation is…

A

Before fertilization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Post-zygotic reproduction isolation is…

A

After fertilization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

An example of Post-zygotic isolation is…

A

Sterility or infertility.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many types of reproduction isolation are there?

A 
5. 
Habitat
Temporal
Behavioral
Mechanical
Gametic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Habitat isolation is where they have different habitats and don’t _______ each other.

A

Encounter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Temporal isolation is where they mate a different _____ one could be ready and one not.

A

Times.

20
Q

Behavioral isolation is where one type of _____ _____ may not attract the other species in the same ways.

A

Mating Ritual.

21
Q

Mechanical isolation is basically the parts do not ______.

A

Fit.

22
Q

Gametic Isolation is where the mating can occur but the gametes….

A

Don’t work together. The Sperm cannot penetrate the eggs.

23
Q

What are the two types or geographical isolation?

A

Allopatric and Sympatric.

24
Q

Geographic isolation is basically where some type of geography splits the _______.

A

Species.

25
Q

A population forms a new species while geographically isolated from its parent population.

A

Allopatric Speciation.

26
Q

A subset of a population forms a new species without geographic separation.

A

Sympatric Speciation.

27
Q

There are ___ types of Allopatric speciation. They are ________ and ________.

A

Vicariance and dispersal.

28
Q

Vicariance Allopatric Speciation is where…

A

A chance event occurs that geographically separates the species. For example, a river develops between the land of a species and separates them.

29
Q

Dispersal and colonization Allopatric Speciation is where…

A

Colonist float to an island on a raft, the island population begins to diverge due to drift and selection, the end result is another population that initially started from another one but cant return to the initial.

30
Q

What are the 3 ways Sympatric (same area) Speciation occurs.

A
  1. Polyploidy.
  2. Habitat Differentiation.
  3. Sexual Selection.
31
Q

Polyploidy occurs in _______ and is is where their __________ double.

A

Plants, chromosomes. Some plants produce a plant that have more chromosomes and they can only mate with a plant that also has more chromosomes.

32
Q

Habitat differentiation is where…

A

Something about the habitat changed and isolated a species to they only breed within the separated species.

33
Q

Sexual selection sympatric speciation occurs when…

A

A particular species only mate with another due to a particular trait.

34
Q

Is Allopatric speciation more likely to occur:
A. On an island close to the mainland.
B. On an island more isolated from the mainland.

A

B. On an island more isolated from the mainland. The environment is different and they cannot come back together.

35
Q

Which information is relevant to the biological species definition?
A. Hawthorn and apple maggot flies are physically indistinguishable.
B. There is a 4-6% hybridization rate between hawthorn and apple maggot flies.
C. Hawthorn and apple maggot flies are genetically distinguishable and have a distinct genetic profiles.
D. Hawthorn and apple maggot flies strongly prefer to mate and lay fertilized eggs in hawthorns and apples, respectively.

A

B. There is a 4-6% hybridization rate between hawthorn and apple maggot flies.

36
Q

Speciation in Rhagoletis is…

A

Sympatric.

37
Q 
What reproductive barrier limits interbreeding between hawthorn and apple maggot flies?
A. Mechanical isolation
B. Habitat isolation 
C. Temporal isolation 
D. Hybrid breakdown
A

B. and C.

38
Q

The two types of outcomes from hybrid zones are…

A

Reinforcement and Fusion.

39
Q

A reinforcement outcome in a hybrid zone produces….

A

Unfit hybrids that are generally missing a leg/arm and die quickly, and they strengthen speciation and reproductive barriers, simply because no other thing will mate with them.

40
Q

A fusion outcome in a hybrid zone produces…

A

Weaker reproductive barriers and increases gene flow.

41
Q

Adaptive radiation…

A

Occurs in open environments with a lot of resources, Produces a burst of speciation.
These mostly occur after natural disasters or environmental change.

42
Q

There are _____ types of time frames of speciation.

A
  1. They are gradulism and punctuated.
43
Q

There are _____ types of time frames of speciation.

A
  1. They are gradualism and punctuated.
44
Q

The _______ time frame for speciation is graduated and gradually changes over time.

A

Gradualism.

45
Q

The ________ time frame for speciation is a huge change, then non at all.

A

Punctuated.

46
Q

What is biological species concept?

A

An isolated population of a species capable of mating and generating other members of that population that can mate and reproduce viable offspring.

47
Q

What are two problems with the biological species concept?

A
  1. Hybridization occurs.

2. They do not account for all species.

Bio191Exam1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions