Chapter2

Question 1

Basic principles psychoanalytic perspective

Answer 1

1. unconsciousness
2. awareness
3. defenses
4. ambivalence
5. therapeutic relationship
6. understanding

Question 2

Basic concepts psychoanalytic therapy

Answer 2

Unconscious
Fantasy
Primary + secondary processes
Defenses
Transference
One-vs two-person psychologies

Question 3

Examples of defenses

Answer 3

• intellectualisation
• projection
• reaction formation
• splitting

Question 4

Defenses

Answer 4

Function to avoid emotional pain by pushing thoughts, wishes, feelings, fantasies out of awareness

Question 5

Intellectualization

Answer 5

Talking about something threatening while keeping up an emotional distance to it

Question 6

Projection

Answer 6

Attributing a threatening feeling or motive one is experiencing to another person

Question 7

Reaction formation

Answer 7

Denying a threatening feeling + claiming to feel the opposite

Question 8

Splitting

Answer 8

When one is unable to integrate ambivalent feelings about a person into one‘s view, 2 separate representations of the person form
-> can make stable relationships more difficult to maintain

Question 9

Transference

Answer 9

Transferring template of significant figure from one‘s childhood onto another person

Question 10

One-person psychology

Answer 10

Idea that it is possible to understand clients defense processes without consideration for therapist own ongoing contributions to the interaction

Question 11

Two person psychology

Answer 11

Idea that assumes that both the therapist + client contribute to everything that takes place in a therapeutic relationship

Question 12

Reasons for the declining influence of psychoanalysis

Answer 12

1. increasing biologising of psychiatry
2. rise of CBT + emphasis on evidence-based treatment
3. arrogance of psychoanalysts being regarded negatively in the public
4. psychoanalysts not being receptive to valid criticism

Question 13

Object relations theory

Answer 13

Internal objects/representations shape how people choose relationships to create + how they shape them based on perceptions and actions of others

Question 14

Attachment theory

Answer 14

Idea that all humans have innate tendency to develop strong affectional bonds and that threats to these bonds result in psychopathology

Question 15

Internal working models

Answer 15

Process of developing internal representations of relationships with others that shape our ongoing experience + actions

Question 16

Developmental arrest model

Answer 16

Models that theorise that psychological problems emerge as a result of the failure of caregivers to provide a sufficient or optimal environment

Question 17

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

Answer 17

Forms of treatment that are based on psychoanalytic theory but lack some of the defining characteristics of psychoanalysis

Question 18

False self

Answer 18

(Developmental arrest model)
If the mother is too unresponsive or her needs impinge too much on the infant‘s, then the infant will become overadapted to the needs of the other and develop a false self-> allows the infant to maintain relatedness with the other as well as protect self

Question 19

Optimal disillusionment

Answer 19

If process by which infant‘s sense of omnipotence is frustrated is sufficiently gradual, then the infant can come to accept the limitations of the other without being traumatised

Question 20

Psychoanalysis is characterised by specific therapeutic stance that involves

Answer 20

1. emphasis on helping clients to become aware of their unconscious motivation
2. refraining from giving client advice or being overly directive
3. attempting to avoid influencing the client by introducing ones own belief and values
4. maintaining certain degree of anonymity by reducing amount of info one provides about personal life/ feelings + reactions
5. attempting to maintain stance of neutral + objective observer
6. seating arrangement

Question 21

Intersubjectivity

Answer 21

Ability to hold onto one‘s own experience while at the same time beginning to experience the other as an independent center of subjectivity

Question 22

Enactment

Answer 22

An interaction between client + therapist shaped by both partner‘s unconscious contributions.
Exploring + working through enactments can be important mechanism of change

Question 23

Interpretation

Answer 23

Therapists attempt to help clients become aware of aspects of their intrapsychich experience + rationally patterns that are unconscious

Question 24

Containment

Answer 24

Process of attending to our own emotions when working with clients & tolerating + processing painful or disturbing feelings non-defensively

Question 25

Alliance rupture and repair

Answer 25

The change process of strain and repair of the therapeutic allianc