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PTS > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Features that characterise behaviour therapy in all its form

A
  1. Behaviour therapy focuses on changing behaviour
  2. BT = rooted in empiricism
  3. Behaviours are assumed to have a function
  4. BT emphasises maintaining factors rather than factors that may have initially triggered the problem
  5. BT = supported by research
  6. BT is active
  7. BT is transparent
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2
Q

Symptom substitution

A

Underlying problem showing up in some other form when surface symptom is treated (talk of psychoanalysts)
-> no evidence for this

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3
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

Involves gradually confronting feared situation in imagination while simultaneously practicing progressive relaxation to relax the muscles of the body

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4
Q

Reciprocal Inhibition (BT)

A

Approach that involves the inhibition of one response by the occurrence of another response incompatible with the first

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5
Q

Five factor model

A

Model of personality, which describes five core domains of personality: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism (OCEAN)

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6
Q

Token Economy (BT)

A

Program that provides people with short-term reinforcement for specific behaviours by allotting tokens that are accumulated and later exchanged for privileges or desired objects

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7
Q

Common features BT

A

Changing behaviour
Empiricism
Behavioural functions
Maintaining factors
Directive
Transparant

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8
Q

Symptom substitution

A

Assumption of psychoanalysis
An underlying problem showing up in another form when a surface symptom is treated

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9
Q

Trait theories of personality

A

Assume that people show enduring patterns of behaviour observable in various situations -> these behaviours are specific personality characteristics: traits

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10
Q

Vicarious learning

A

Form of learning by watching the behaviour of others

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11
Q

Instructional learning

A

Behaviour that is learned through info that one hears or reads

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12
Q

Emotion processing theory

A
  1. Ideas that exposure changes the associations between stimulus, response, and meaning components of emotional memories
  2. fearful associations are stored in a fear network (stimulus-response-meaning)-> activation in any of these components through conditioning activated the others + they become associated
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13
Q

Predictor of worse outcomes after CBT in anxiety symptoms

A

-comorbid personality disorder, depression, more severe anxiety symptoms
- stressful life events
- poor insight into symptom severity
- poor motivation
- negative patterns of communication between family members
- poor compliance with treatment

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14
Q

Functions behavioural assessment

A
  • identifying target behaviours
  • determining the appropriate course of treatment
  • assessing impact of therapy over time
  • assessing final outcome of treatment
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15
Q

Behavioural deficits

A

Behaviours that occur less often than desired

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16
Q

Behavioural excesses

A

Behaviours that occur more often than desired

17
Q

Components/techniques of behaviour assessment

A

Functional analysis
Behavioural interviews
Behavioural observations
Monitoring form & diaries
Self-report scales
Psychophysiological assessment

18
Q

Functional analysis

A

Identifying variables that are responsible for maintaining target behaviours, ideally by manipulating variables + seeing their impact on target behaviours but often through interviews etc

19
Q

Types of exposure

A

In vivo
Interoceptive exposure
Imaginal exposure
VR exposure

20
Q

Exposure hierarchy

A

List of feared situations in order of difficulty -> typically used to gradually expose patients to fear-provoking stimuli

21
Q

Guidelines for effective exposure

A
  1. exposure should be predictable
  2. exposure should be controllable (client determines what happens)
  3. should be frequently practice
  4. modeling through therapist may help
22
Q

Response prevention

A

Inhibiting an unwanted behaviour to break the association between stimulus and response

23
Q

Reinforcement based stratgies

A

-differential reinforcement
- token economy
- contingency management

24
Q

Differential reinforcement

A

Reinforcing absence of unwanted + presence of wanted behaviours

25
Q

Contingency management

A

Changing the environment (both social and internal) so that unwanted behaviours no longer receive reinforcement

26
Q

Aversion therapy

A

= aversive conditioning
Form of therapy in which neutral stimulus is paired with an aversive stimulus to condition a negative response to the neutral stimulus

27
Q

Stimulus-control procedures

A

Arranging the environment in such a way that a given response is either more or less likely to occur

28
Q

5 steps of problem solving training

A
  1. defining the problem
  2. identifying possible solutions
  3. evaluate solutions
  4. choosing the solutions
  5. implementing
29
Q

Core principles of Behavioural activation

A
  1. changing how one feels depends on what one does
  2. unhelpful short-term coping strategies in response to life changes can maintain depression
  3. what strategies are most likely to be helpful depends on understanding preceding and consequential factors of the clients behaviour
30
Q

Acceptance-based behavioural therapies

A

Aim to teach patients to accept unwanted thoughts & emotions rather than try to control them

31
Q

Different acceptance-based behavioral therapies

A
  • mindfulness
    -acceptance and commitment therapy
    . Dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT)
32
Q

Dialectical behaviour therapy

A

Combination of traditional cognitive-behavioural techniques with mindfulness based strategies for acceptance and tolerating distress

33
Q

Focus of future research should be on

A
  • improving effectiveness
  • understanding mechanisms
  • enhancing dissemination
  • understanding the role of cognitive enhancers
  • addapting to diverse populations
34
Q

Behaviour therapy

A

Aims to change factors in the environment that influence an individual’s behaviour as well s the ways in which individuals respond to their environment

35
Q

Criteria for treatment planning

A
  • probability value (probability that it will improve)
  • problematic value
  • treatability
  • centrality (vs end problem)
  • urgency
  • Patients reasons for therapy

PTS (7 decks)

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