Chapter 7

Question 1

Steps of socratic dialogue

Answer 1

1. ask info
2. listen
3. summarise
4. asking synthesizing/analytical questions that apply discovered info to patients original beliefs

Question 2

Steps of socratic dialogue

Answer 2

1. ask info
2. listen
3. summarise
4. asking synthesizing/analytical questions that apply discovered info to patients original beliefs

Question 3

3 major approaches to treat dysfunctional modes

Answer 3

1. deactivate them
2. modify connection + structure
3. construct more adaptive modes to neutralise them

Question 4

Arbitrary inference

Answer 4

Drawing conclusions without evidence/with contrary evidence

Question 5

Selective abstraction

Answer 5

Drawing conclusions based on a detail that is out of context

Question 6

Overgeneralisation

Answer 6

Generalising when it is not possible on the evidence

Question 7

Magnification/minimisation

Answer 7

Under/overexxaggerating

Question 8

Personalisation

Answer 8

Thinking that one is the cause of specific things

Question 9

Dicotomous thinking

Answer 9

Thinking in extremes

Question 10

Schemas

Answer 10

Structures of survival which determine people‘s perceptions of themselves, their goals, expectations, memories, fantasies, previous learning

Question 11

Mode

Answer 11

Networks of cognitive, affective, motivational, behavioural schemas that make up personality

Question 12

Collaborative empiricism

Answer 12

Exploring + modifying dysfunctional/nonadaptive interpretations together with the client through behavioural experiments + logical examinations

Question 13

Guided discovery

Answer 13

Aims to discover etiology of current misperceptions + beliefs-> done by therapist & client together

Question 14

Aim of socratic dialogue

Answer 14

• clarify problems
• identify beliefs
• examine meaning
• assess consequences

Question 15

Personality structure shaped by (2 aspects)

Answer 15

Temperament
Cognitive schemas

Question 16

2 major personality dimensions related to depression

Answer 16

• social dependence (sociotropy)
  -autonomy

Question 17

Cognitive distortions

Answer 17

Systematic errors in reasoning

Question 18

CT combines cognitive and behavioural techniques to teach client:

Answer 18

• monitor thoughts
• Recognise connections
• examine evidence
• substitute interpretations
• identify core beliefs

Question 19

Cognitive techniques to modify assumptions

Answer 19

• de-catastrophizing
• reattribution
• redefining
• decentering

Question 20

Decatastrophising

Answer 20

Identify problem-solving strategies for when feared consequences do occur

Question 21

Reattribution

Answer 21

Consider alternative causes of events

Question 22

Redefining

Answer 22

Making a problem more concrete and stating it in terms of a patient‘s own behaviour

Question 23

Decentering

Answer 23

Observing what other people are focusing on instead of focusing on one‘s own discomfort

Question 24

3 common mechanisms present in all successful psychotherapies

Answer 24

1. comprehensible framework
2. client‘s emotional engagement in the problem situation
3. reality testing in the problem situation

Question 25

Best results CT delivered with clients who have:

Answer 25

• adequate reality testing (no hallucinations/delusions)
• good concentration
• sufficient memory functions

Question 26

CT NOT recommended as stand-alone treatment for:

Answer 26

• bipolar disorder
• psychotic depression
• schizophrenia

Question 27

Behavioural techniques CT

Answer 27

Skills training
Progressive muscle relaxation
Activity scheduling
Behavioural rehearsal
Exposure therapy

Question 28

Guidelines to deal with difficult clients + those who have had previous unsuccessful therapy

Answer 28

1. avoid stereotyping the client as being the problem
2. remain optimistic
3. identify + deal with your own dysfunctional cognitions
4. focus on the task instead of blaming the client
5. maintain a problem-solving attitude