Chapter what the fuck ever Flashcards by Mitch Novak | Brainscape

Q

What does electrical impedance check?

A

Cell size/count

electrical resistance through aperture size means identified

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Q

Optical scatter facts?

A

Laminar, single file line
counts,size,structure, shape, reflectivity,
different light angles measure volume, internal complexity, and components

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Q

What does the beckman coulter use to measure?

A

(VCS) Volume, conductivity, scanner

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Q

Beckman coulter uses what?

A

Volume, conductivity, scatter

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Q

Sysmex machine uses what?

A

Electrical impedance, Hydro Namic focusing, fluorescent flow and light scatter

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Q

What do the relative and absolute values represent?

A

Relative represents percent absolute represents actual number of cells

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Q

What does a histogram show?

A

Size on the X axis number on the Y axis

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Q

What features identify a cell?

A

Size, nucleus chromatin pattern, cytoplasm size of the granules

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Q

What are the causes/identifiers of reactive lymphocytes?

A

Dark blue outer edge mono, CMV, hepatitis (viruses)

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Q

What do plasma cells make?

A

Immunoglobulins

Lg(GAME)

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Q

Giant platelets can be caused by what? What do they do to testing?

A

They can be induced by pseudo thrombocytopenia

They can cause pseudo leukocytosis falsely raising white blood cell count

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Q

Causes of white blood cell inclusions?

A

Infection, inflammation, chronic disease, parasitic infection

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Q

What are and leukoerythroblastic reactions?

A

Increase in bands in metamyelocytes
Luekomoidis exaggerated response
Leukoerythroblastic is immature white blood cells red blood cells and platelets causing myleofibrosis

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Q

What does full cytometry measure? How does it measure?

A

Measures quantity, size, morphology, internal/external cell structure
Fluorescent signals admitted to specific antibodies uses cluster of differential for cell and cell lineage

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Q

An increase in white blood cells is called what?

A

Leukocytosis

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Q

What would cause a rise in Neutrophils?

A

Bacterial infections, stress, drugs

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Q

What would cause eosinophilia?

A

Parasitic infections, asthma

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Q

What would cause basophilia?

A

Anaphylaxis, hyperlipidemia, hypersensitivity

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Q

What would cause lymphocytosis?

A

Viral infections

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Q

What would cause monocytosis?

A

Chronic infections

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Q

What is a decrease in white blood cells called?

A

Leukocytopenia

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Q

What would cause neutropenia

A

Chemotherapy

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Q

What would cause basopenia?

A

Steroid, inflammation, ovulation

Q

What would cause eosinopenia?

A

Acute infections

Q

What would cause lymphopenia?

A

Chemotherapy, HIV because it kills T cells

Q

What would cause monocytopenia?

A

Steroid therapy, hemodialysis, sepsis

Q

What are some Qualitative changes in white blood cells?

A

Toxic granulation, toxic vascularization, dull bodies

Q

What are some causes of toxic granulation?

A

Intense granules in Meadows, bands, and sags

Q

What is toxic vascularization?

A

Vacuoles in neutrophil
Reflects phagocytosis
Serious infection can be seen with both other toxic changes

Q

What are dohle bodies?

A

Remnants of RNA, seen in infections, poisoning, burns, chemotherapy

Q

What are Auer rods made of?

A

Azurophillc granules

always a significant find

Q

What are two insignificant white blood cell inclusion?

A

Barr bodies and pyknotic nuclei

Q

What is May Hegglin?

A

Large platelet but few poor granulation autosomal dominant

Q

What is Aulder Riley?

A

Autosomal recessive, toxic granulation in all cells not just neutrophils and monocytes

Q

What do Pelger Hewitt inclusions look like? Are they significant?

A

Bilobed neutrophils they are of no clinical significance

Q

Chediak higashi has what effects?

A

Autosomal recessive, albinoism, fatal in children, results in recurrence staff infections

Q

What are the stages of a megakaryocyte?

A

Megakaryoblast, pro megakaryocyte, megakaryocyte

Q

True or false and megakaryoblast the nucleus divides with cytoplasmic division?

A

False

Q

What are some identifiers of a pro megakaryocyte?

A

Course chromatin, not capable of endomitosis

Q

What are some characteristics of a megakaryocyte?

A

Largest cells in bone marrow, shedding of platelets begins

Q

What is thrombopoiesis?

A

The formation of platelets in bone marrow

Q

Where do megakaryoblast originate from?

A

My butt hole or pluripotent stem’s

Q

How much platelets are flowing through peripheral blood

A

80% in blood 20% in spleen

Q

What is the lifespan of a platelet? How long does the maturation take?

A

Platelets live for 9 to 11 days maturation takes five days

Q

What are the four components of hemostasis?

A

Vascular system, platelets, coagulation factors, fibrinolysis

Q

What role does the vascular system play in hemostasis?

A

Contracts using vasoconstriction basement membrane produces collagen

Q

What role does fibrinolysis play?

A

Your mama or it breaks down clots

Q

What maintains the shape of a platelet?

A

Microfilaments and tubules

Q

What role does glycogen play?

A

Glycogen is a protein platelet uses glycolysis to generate energy

Q

What are the coagulation factor pathways?

A

Extrinsic, intrinsic, common they form a stable blood clot

Q

What are the steps for platelets in hemostasis?

A

Adhesion, aggravation, release/secretion, clot stabilization, clot retraction

Q

What are the primary steps of hemostasis involving platelets

A

Adhesion, aggregation, release/secretion

Q

What are the secondary hemostasis roles of clots

A

Clot stabilization, clot retraction

Q

Alpha granule characteristics?

A

They are the most abundant they are secreted not released participate and adhesion, aggravation, plasma Coag

Q

What do delta/dense granules contain?

A

Serotonin: vasoconstrictor

ADP: activate platelet a TP: energy calcium: secondary coagulation released not secreted

Q

What do lysosomes store?

A

Hydrolase enzymes that digest vessel walls and debris like dead epithelial cells

Q

What is released/secreted in the clotting process?

A

Delta granules, alpha granules, prostaglandins responsible for coagulation and pain, thromboxane A2