Chapter Two : Improving Skills Flashcards
Principles of qualitative movement analysis
Preparation
Observation
Evaluation (diagnosis)
Error detection (intervention)
Purpose of qualitative movement analysis
Diagnose strengths and weaknesses of players or teams
To obtain a final result or rank in compertition
For talent identification or team selection
To predict future performance results
Preparation
To determine;
Purpose of analysis
Observation strategy
What characterises a skilled performance
Observation
Is the process of looking at the performance of the subjects
-Can be recorded or viewed live
Evaluation
Is the judgement of quality of the skill
- The problem, cause and solution must be identified
- Can be addresses objectively or subjectively
Validity
Refers to the tests capacity to measure what it is intended to
Reliability
The test’s capacity to produce similar results when conducted in similar/identical situations
- Need to use the same; procedures, conditions, equipment, environment and tester
Inter-rater reliability
Degree of agreement between judges which measures levels of consistency of scoring
ie; getting judges to rate the same filmed performance
Intra-rater reliability
Refers to consistency of ratings given by a judger
ie; getting the judge to rate the same performance three times
Purpose of inter-rather reliability and intra-rater reliabilty
Used to measure ;
Whether judges are fit to judge
If the measuring systems need to be refined
Error correction
Is the process of correcting errors identified in previous stages
- Weaknesses are identified and strategies are developed based on learning of performer
- Intervention can be taken through direct or constraint based coaching
Direct based approaches
Coach gives information, learner receives
Coach makes all decisions
Advantages - Good for early learning stages, gives demonstrations
Disadvantages- Athlete never makes their own decisions, may not suit athletes needs, encourages no variability in technique
Constraints based approaches
Coach manipulates barriers to improve skill development
Can be individual, environmental, social/cultural or task constraints
Is a guided discovery approach
Advantages - Learner driven approach, Learner develops tactics, creates variability
Disadvantages - Learner may lose confidence, not suitable for beginners, may become overwhelmed
Individual constraints
Body size Fitness level Mental skills Decision makings skills Technicals skills
Environmental constraints
Physical; Location Weather Facilities Gravity Noise Quality of facilities Light Social/cultural - refer to chap 1 list
Task constraints
Rules of sport
Equipment
Field/court
Player numbers
Towards the quantitative end of the continuum
Measurement of performance
Data
Biomechanics principles
Time measurements
Towards the qualitative end of the continuum
Judgement of quality of performance
Rating scales based on performance quality
Characteristics of a skilled performance
Coordinated Balanced Fit Efficient in time and energy Good anticipation Efficient technique Good mental approach Consistent highly skilled performance
Limitations of observation
Experience Knowledge of game and skills required Academic training Dynamics of the team Game day situations Expectations Referee errors Opponents play Subjectivity
How to improve subjectivity in evaluation
Checklists
Rating scales
Criteria/rubrics
Examples of intervention during training and game
Training - adaption of training exercises, meetings, written reports
Game - Half time discussion, targeting individual players, using body language
Sources of movement error
Abilities - Strength, endurance, flexibility
Skill performance deficiencies - technique error, perceptual error, decision error
Pyschosocial problems
To develop a constraints-based approach a coach must possess
Solid knowledge of specific sports
Experience with manipulating constraints
Understanding of unique individual constraints
Constraints definition
Are boundaries that shape a learner’s self-organising movement patterns, cognition and decision-making processes
