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PE 3+4 > Chapter Four : Kinematic Concepts of Human Movement > Flashcards

Chapter Four : Kinematic Concepts of Human Movement Flashcards

1
Q

General motion definition

A

Motion involving rotation and translation at the same time

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2
Q

Linear motion definition

A

Is the movement of a body along a straight or curved path where all body parts move in the same direction at the same speed

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3
Q

Linear distance definition

A

The path travelled by a body from point A to point B

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4
Q

Linear displacement definition

A

A change in the position of the body - how far from the initial to final position

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5
Q

Example of displacement vs. distance

A

When a runner completes 400m on a 400m track they have travelled 400m in distance but displacement is 0m as they are in the same position as they started

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6
Q

Linear speed definition

A

The ratio of the distance covered to the time taken

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7
Q

Linear speed equation

A

Speed = Distance(m)/Time(s)

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8
Q

Linear velocity definition

A

The ratio of displacement to the time taken. Velocity has both a size and a direction

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9
Q

Linear velocity equation

A

Velocity = Displacement(m)/Time(s)

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10
Q

Example of speed vs. velocity

A

When a ball is hit over a tennis net at a speed of 30m/s and returned at 30m/s in a different direction the speed remains the same but the displacement doesn’t as there is a change in direction

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11
Q

Linear acceleration definition

A

A change in velocity in a goven period of time

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12
Q

Acceleration equation

A

Acceleration = Change in velocity/Change in time

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13
Q

Acceleration values

A

Neg values means deceleration
Pos values mean acceleration
Zero means contant acceleration

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14
Q

Angular motion definition

A

Is a rotation around a central axis or fixed point

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15
Q

Axis of rotation definition

A

A straight line through all the points of a rigid rotating body

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16
Q

Where is axis of rotation?

A

External - the bar in a flip
Internal - When a ice skater turns vertically
Imaginary - when a person does a somersault ot is inside the somersault

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17
Q

Eccentric forces

A

A force applied at a perpedicular distance from the centre of gravity of an object. They cause objects to deviate from their original path

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18
Q

Example of an eccentric force

A

Torques

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19
Q

Torque equation

A

Torque = Force X Lever arm of the force

20
Q

Torques and acceleration

A

The greater the torque the greater the angular acceleration

21
Q

Factors affecting torque size

A

The length of the lever arm

The size of the applied force

22
Q

Angular distance definition

A

Total of all angular changes of a rotating body

23
Q

Angular displacement definition

A

The difference between the initial and final angular position of a rotating body

24
Q

Example of angular distance vs. angular displacement

A

When a gymnast performs 1 1/2 flips around a bar she has travelled 540 degrees but the displacement is only 180 degrees as thats the change in position

25
Q

Angular speed definition

A

Is the angular distance covered divided by the time taken to complete the motion

26
Q

Angular velocity definition

A

Is the rate of change of the angular displacement of a body over time.

27
Q

Angular speed equation

A

Angular speed = Angular distance/ Time

28
Q

Angular velocity equation

A

Angular velocity = Angular displacement/ Time

29
Q

Example of angular speed vs. angular velocity

A

If a gymnast took 3 seconds to complete 1 1/2 rotations

  • angular speed is 180 degrees per second
  • angular velocity is 60 degrees per second
30
Q

Relationship between the linear and angular velocity

A

Linear velocity = Radius of rotation X Angular velocity

31
Q

Angular acceleration definition

A

Is the rate of change of angular velocity, how quickly a body changes angular position. Measured in degrees/seconds^2

32
Q

Projectile definition

A

An airborne body that is only affected by the forces of gravity and air resistance

33
Q

Components of a flight path

A

Vertical

Horizontal

34
Q

The vertical component of projectile motion

A

Influenced by gravity and height of release
Vertical speed if an object decreases as it goes up and increases as it goes down.
If an object is released and stopped at the same height the speed will be the same

35
Q

The horizontal component of projectile motion

A

Influenced by air resistance and horizontal velocity

Without air resistance, an object would travel at the same velocity horizontally continuously

36
Q

Factors affecting the path of a projectile

A

Angle of release
Speed of release
Height of release

37
Q

What factors impact flight time?

A

Initial vertical velocity

Height of release

38
Q

Angle of release definition

A

Is the angle at which the object is projected into the air

39
Q

Types of trajectory in angle of release

A

Vertical - at an angle of 90 degrees, goes straight up and down
Oblique trajectory - an angle between 0 and 95 degrees, causes a parabolic curve.
Horizontal trajectory - at an angle < 0 degrees, creates a downhill line

40
Q

What is the best angle of release to get the furthest distance?

A

45 degrees

41
Q

Speed of release definition

A

The speed at which an object is thrown, kicked or propelled into the air

42
Q

The vertical component of speed of release

A

Impacts height of projectile and flight time of projectile

43
Q

The horizontal component of speed of release

A

Impacts distance travelled

44
Q

Height of release definition

A

Is the difference between the height that a projectile is released and the height at which is stops

45
Q

Correct angle of release for the relative projection height

A

Height of release = 0, the best angle is 45 degrees and will get the furthest throw
Height of release > 0, the best angle <45 degrees
Height of release < 0, the best angle is >45 degrees.

46
Q

Examples of correct release angles for sports

A

Long jump - 15-27 degrees
High jump - 40-48 degrees
Shot put - 36-37 degrees

PE 3+4 (16 decks)

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