Chapter Two Flashcards
McGurk Effect
When a visual stimulus distorts the identification of an auditory stimulus
Ventriliquist Effect
when a visual cue presented at the same time as an auditory stimulus biases the localization of the auditory stimulus toward the location of the visual cue
Affordances
Action possibilities offered by a particular object
Authorship Processing
the set of processes that leads us to attribute events to the entities that are thought to have caused them
Blindsight
A neurological disorder characterized by a lack of visual awareness but the preserved ability to report on some aspects of the stimulus
Bottom-Up (Data-driven) processing
The identification of a stimulus through the assembly of its component features
Closure
a tendency to perceptually complete incomplete objects
Cognitive malleability approach
An explanation for the effect of emotion on cognitive processing that states the effect is not related to the affective state, itself, but to the info the emotion provides about the context in which the processing occurs
Common Fate
A tendency to group elements together if they are moving in the same direction or the at the same speed
Common region
a tendency to group together elements that seem to belong to a common designated area or region
Consciousness
Awareness of internal and external events
Constructive View (of perception)
Emphasizes the role of active construction and interpretation in arriving at a 3-D percept of the world
Direct View (of perception)
emphasizes the direct pickup of info from the environment and de-emphasizes the role of constructive processes in producing a percept
Element connectedness
A tendency to group elements together that are connected
Embodied Perception
A view of perception that emphasizes dynamic interaction with the everyday environment
Figure-ground
A tendency to segregate visual scenes into a background and a figure that appears to be superimposed against it
Forced-choice procedure
Response procedure in which participants are given two alternative answers and must choose one
Global Precedence Effect
A tendency to encode the overall features of a scene before apprehending scene details (Big Picture)
Good Continuation
A tendency to perceive lines as flowing naturally, in a single direction
Grouping
Processes whereby we organize incoming sensations
Illusion of conscious will
the often-erroneous belief that our efforts and actions are controlled through conscious force of thought
Objective threshold
the level of stimulus energy below which participants report not seeing a stimulus; forced choice procedures also indicate a lack of awareness
Percept
the coherent representation of an object, person, or event that results from the processes of sensation and perception
Perception
the psychological processes involved in the organization and interpretation of sensations
Priming
change in reaction time produced by the prior presentation of a related stimulus
Principles of Visual Organization
he principles followed by our perceptual system to organize incoming sensations in a sensible and simple manner
Proximity
a tendency for objects that are near one another (i.e., proximal ) to be grouped
Response Bias
a participant’s willingness to report the presence of some stimulus
Schema
cluster of knowledge about some object or event
Sensation
the physiological processes associated with the intake of sensory information
Sensitivity
one’s perceptual acuity; the ability to detect the presence or absence of a stimulus or a change in a stimulus
Signal Detection Theory
n approach to psychophysics that characterizes perceptual experiences as the joint product of sensitivity and response bias
