Chapter Two

Question 1

McGurk Effect

Answer 1

When a visual stimulus distorts the identification of an auditory stimulus

Question 2

Ventriliquist Effect

Answer 2

when a visual cue presented at the same time as an auditory stimulus biases the localization of the auditory stimulus toward the location of the visual cue

Question 3

Affordances

Answer 3

Action possibilities offered by a particular object

Question 4

Authorship Processing

Answer 4

the set of processes that leads us to attribute events to the entities that are thought to have caused them

Question 5

Blindsight

Answer 5

A neurological disorder characterized by a lack of visual awareness but the preserved ability to report on some aspects of the stimulus

Question 6

Bottom-Up (Data-driven) processing

Answer 6

The identification of a stimulus through the assembly of its component features

Question 7

Closure

Answer 7

a tendency to perceptually complete incomplete objects

Question 8

Cognitive malleability approach

Answer 8

An explanation for the effect of emotion on cognitive processing that states the effect is not related to the affective state, itself, but to the info the emotion provides about the context in which the processing occurs

Question 9

Common Fate

Answer 9

A tendency to group elements together if they are moving in the same direction or the at the same speed

Question 10

Common region

Answer 10

a tendency to group together elements that seem to belong to a common designated area or region

Question 11

Consciousness

Answer 11

Awareness of internal and external events

Question 12

Constructive View (of perception)

Answer 12

Emphasizes the role of active construction and interpretation in arriving at a 3-D percept of the world

Question 13

Direct View (of perception)

Answer 13

emphasizes the direct pickup of info from the environment and de-emphasizes the role of constructive processes in producing a percept

Question 14

Element connectedness

Answer 14

A tendency to group elements together that are connected

Question 15

Embodied Perception

Answer 15

A view of perception that emphasizes dynamic interaction with the everyday environment

Question 16

Figure-ground

Answer 16

A tendency to segregate visual scenes into a background and a figure that appears to be superimposed against it

Question 17

Forced-choice procedure

Answer 17

Response procedure in which participants are given two alternative answers and must choose one

Question 18

Global Precedence Effect

Answer 18

A tendency to encode the overall features of a scene before apprehending scene details (Big Picture)

Question 19

Good Continuation

Answer 19

A tendency to perceive lines as flowing naturally, in a single direction

Question 20

Grouping

Answer 20

Processes whereby we organize incoming sensations

Question 21

Illusion of conscious will

Answer 21

the often-erroneous belief that our efforts and actions are controlled through conscious force of thought

Question 22

Objective threshold

Answer 22

the level of stimulus energy below which participants report not seeing a stimulus; forced choice procedures also indicate a lack of awareness

Question 23

Percept

Answer 23

the coherent representation of an object, person, or event that results from the processes of sensation and perception

Question 24

Perception

Answer 24

the psychological processes involved in the organization and interpretation of sensations

Question 25

Priming

Answer 25

change in reaction time produced by the prior presentation of a related stimulus

Question 26

Principles of Visual Organization

Answer 26

he principles followed by our perceptual system to organize incoming sensations in a sensible and simple manner

Question 27

Proximity

Answer 27

a tendency for objects that are near one another (i.e., proximal ) to be grouped

Question 28

Response Bias

Answer 28

a participant’s willingness to report the presence of some stimulus

Question 29

Schema

Answer 29

cluster of knowledge about some object or event

Question 30

Sensation

Answer 30

the physiological processes associated with the intake of sensory information

Question 31

Sensitivity

Answer 31

one’s perceptual acuity; the ability to detect the presence or absence of a stimulus or a change in a stimulus

Question 32

Signal Detection Theory

Answer 32

n approach to psychophysics that characterizes perceptual experiences as the joint product of sensitivity and response bias