Chapter Seven Flashcards
Absentminded
a lack of attention resulting in longterm memory distortion
Bias
the influence of our beliefs, expectations, and desires on what we remember
Blocking
a failure in retrieving information stored in long-term memory
Cognitive Interview Technique
an interview procedure that incorporates practices known to maximize the chances of complete and accurate memory
Confabulation
the introduction of inaccurate detail to memories
Constructive Memory Framework
model of reconstructive memory that proposes memory as the reactivation of a pattern of encoded
Fantasy Model (of dissociation)
claims that trauma and dissociation are two separate processes, and that dissociation is purely a psychological process related to exaggeration and fantasy proneness
Fuzzy-Trace Theory
theory of memory distortion that proposes the difference between gist and verbatim memory traces as a key factor
Illusory Memory/Memory Illusions/False Memory
the remembering of events that never occurred
Imagination Inflation
the finding that mental simulation of an event leads to an increase in belief that the event may have actually occurred
Memory Distortions
Errors in remembering
Misattribution
Ascribing memory to the wrong scene
Misinformation Effect
the influence on the witness’s memory of misleading information presented between the encoding of an event and its subsequent recall
Other-race Effect
finding that people are better at recognizing faces of their own race relative to faces of other races
Persistence
the continued (but unwanted) automatic retrieval of memories that we’d prefer to forget
Photo Bias
the increase in probability that a person will be recognized as the culprit due to previous exposure (e.g., a lineup or photo array)
Reality Monitoring
a decision regarding whether a memory corresponds to either a perceived external event or an internally generated event
Repression
the Freudian notion that anxiety- provoking thoughts and memories are blocked from consciousness
Sequential Lineup
a lineup in which the witness must choose from lineup members presented one at a time
Simultaneous Lineup
a lineup in which the witness must choose from lineup members presented at the same time
Source Confusion
the inability to distinguish between the sources of event memories
Source Monitoring
the process of correctly identifying the source of remembered information
Suggestibility
the malleability of memory to leading questions or others’ suggestions
Transience
the loss of information from memory with the passage of time
Trauma Model (of dissociation)
claims that dissociation is a “psychobiological response” that invariably accompanies trauma; cognitive processes are severely curtailed to enhance survival
Unconscious transferrence
what happens when witnesses fail to distinguish between a target person (i.e., a criminal) and another person encountered at a different time whose face is also familiar
Weapon Focus
the tendency for the presence of a weapon to focus attention narrowly, resulting in a lack of peripheral detail in the memory representation
