Chapter Seven

Question 1

Absentminded

Answer 1

a lack of attention resulting in longterm memory distortion

Question 2

Bias

Answer 2

the influence of our beliefs, expectations, and desires on what we remember

Question 3

Blocking

Answer 3

a failure in retrieving information stored in long-term memory

Question 4

Cognitive Interview Technique

Answer 4

an interview procedure that incorporates practices known to maximize the chances of complete and accurate memory

Question 5

Confabulation

Answer 5

the introduction of inaccurate detail to memories

Question 6

Constructive Memory Framework

Answer 6

model of reconstructive memory that proposes memory as the reactivation of a pattern of encoded

Question 7

Fantasy Model (of dissociation)

Answer 7

claims that trauma and dissociation are two separate processes, and that dissociation is purely a psychological process related to exaggeration and fantasy proneness

Question 8

Fuzzy-Trace Theory

Answer 8

theory of memory distortion that proposes the difference between gist and verbatim memory traces as a key factor

Question 9

Illusory Memory/Memory Illusions/False Memory

Answer 9

the remembering of events that never occurred

Question 10

Imagination Inflation

Answer 10

the finding that mental simulation of an event leads to an increase in belief that the event may have actually occurred

Question 11

Memory Distortions

Answer 11

Errors in remembering

Question 12

Misattribution

Answer 12

Ascribing memory to the wrong scene

Question 13

Misinformation Effect

Answer 13

the influence on the witness’s memory of misleading information presented between the encoding of an event and its subsequent recall

Question 14

Other-race Effect

Answer 14

finding that people are better at recognizing faces of their own race relative to faces of other races

Question 15

Persistence

Answer 15

the continued (but unwanted) automatic retrieval of memories that we’d prefer to forget

Question 16

Photo Bias

Answer 16

the increase in probability that a person will be recognized as the culprit due to previous exposure (e.g., a lineup or photo array)

Question 17

Reality Monitoring

Answer 17

a decision regarding whether a memory corresponds to either a perceived external event or an internally generated event

Question 18

Repression

Answer 18

the Freudian notion that anxiety- provoking thoughts and memories are blocked from consciousness

Question 19

Sequential Lineup

Answer 19

a lineup in which the witness must choose from lineup members presented one at a time

Question 20

Simultaneous Lineup

Answer 20

a lineup in which the witness must choose from lineup members presented at the same time

Question 21

Source Confusion

Answer 21

the inability to distinguish between the sources of event memories

Question 22

Source Monitoring

Answer 22

the process of correctly identifying the source of remembered information

Question 23

Suggestibility

Answer 23

the malleability of memory to leading questions or others’ suggestions

Question 24

Transience

Answer 24

the loss of information from memory with the passage of time

Question 25

Trauma Model (of dissociation)

Answer 25

claims that dissociation is a “psychobiological response” that invariably accompanies trauma; cognitive processes are severely curtailed to enhance survival

Question 26

Unconscious transferrence

Answer 26

what happens when witnesses fail to distinguish between a target person (i.e., a criminal) and another person encountered at a different time whose face is also familiar

Question 27

Weapon Focus

Answer 27

the tendency for the presence of a weapon to focus attention narrowly, resulting in a lack of peripheral detail in the memory representation