Chapter Two

Question 1

Communicable

Answer 1

Something that can be passed on.

Question 2

Valid

Answer 2

Theory must actually work.

Question 3

Compelling

Answer 3

You get significant results.

Question 4

Social scientific method

Answer 4

Using the concept of systematic thought and the application of scientific principles.

Question 5

Ontology

Answer 5

Questions of definition.

Question of existence- what is the theorist examining?

Question 6

Epistemology

Answer 6

Question of confidence. How we come to knowledge.

Ex- how do I have confidence something is true?

Question 7

Axiology

Answer 7

Questions of value. What is good/bad? What is right/wrong?

Question 8

Induction:

Answer 8

Bottom up reasoning. (Draw from experience)
Ex: every elephant I have seen was gray.
What color is an elephant? Conclusion: gray.

Question 9

Deduction:

Answer 9

Top down reasoning. Start w a principle 1st, then apply it to a specific case.
Ex: what goes up must come down.
I threw a chair. Conclusion: the chair must come down.

Question 10

Abduction (abductive reasoning)

Answer 10

Compromise between the two. Never creates new rules. Involves reasoning from the data to the best explanation of the given data.

Question 11

Empirical

Answer 11

Information gathered by observation.

Question 12

Hypothesis-

Answer 12

Educated guess as to what will happen.

Question 13

Research question:

Answer 13

Question guiding investigation, used when a hypothesis is not warranted.

Question 14

Operationalize

Answer 14

Find out how to measure something.

Question 15

Questions of fact

Answer 15

Whether or not something occurred.

Question 16

Questions of value:

Answer 16

Whether or not something is good or bad.

Ex- is abortion wrong?

Question 17

Questions of policy:

Answer 17

Steps we take to make good things happen and avoid negative outcomes.

Question 18

Survey research

Answer 18

Interviews or questionnaires.

Question 19

Field research:

Answer 19

Observing things in their natural setting.

Question 20

Available data:

Answer 20

Observing things from the past. (Letters, emails, artifacts)