Chapter Two Flashcards
Why did state education systems appear across Europe in the 19th century?
To manage the new urban working class and accommodate the new social and political social aspirations of the new middle class
What is the shift, rupture, and state of the 1870-1994 period?
Shift: Issues managing migrant urban working class and imperial industrial trade and development
Rupture: Break with liberal resistance to state education and welfare
State: Modern (or interventionalist) state
Note: This era is driven by a fear of the working class and seeks to reinforce class structure and ethics
Policy evolved as a “question of survival”
What is the shift, rupture, and state of the 1944-1976 period?
Shift: Post-war econ growth and expansion of middle class
Rupture: Move to universalist welfare state education-national system locally administered
State: Welfare
What is the shift, rupture, and state of the 1976-1997 period?
Shift: Economic crisis, mass unemployment, shift from Fordist to post-fordist ideology, first phase of deindustrialization
Rupture: Break from emerging comprehensive nat. sys. , end of prof autonomy for teachers and schools
State: Neoliberal
What is the shift, rupture, and state of the 1997-2013 period
Shift: Knowledge economy, hi-skills and basic skills, austerity
Rupture: End of national system locally administered
State: Managerial or competition state
What are the hallmarks of English education prior to 1870?
(1830~) An area that merited gov attention in moderation
Funded by philanthropy (churches, the wealthy, ect.)
Run by “dame schools” and church societies
Creation/focus on teacher training colleges that produced virtuous role models for their working class students
How did the Education Act of 1870 seek to “fill the gap” in education
It supplemented church schools that would later be incorporated into a system of “locally run state schools” (Created “Board Schools”)
What did the Newcastle Commission find and what did it find, to 19th century policy? (1861)
It found that educational provisions and standards were low. Only 1 in 7 poor children attended school and most left to find work by 10
“Payment by results system”
Elementary school focus
What did the Clarendon Commission aim for (1864)?
The reform and reinvigoration of the “great” public schools that would follow a classic curriculum that excluded science and technology instilled the culture and manners of the “old and new upper classes”
What did the Schools Inquiry Commission find and contribute (1868)?
Focused on grammar schools that existed between public and elementary schools. Revealed poor secondary education strucutre, a lack of secondary education for girls, and a misuse of endowments.
Recommended establishing a national system of secondary schools, which was realized with the Endowed Schools Act 1869
