Chapter Two Flashcards
When was the Communist party founded?
July 1921
How did Russia support the early CCP?
Through Comintern it received money and training for its members in Moscow.
How did Russia aid the GMD?
Found the Whampoa military academy of which Jiang Jieshi was head and instructed the CCP to co operate with the GMD.
Why did Russia aid the GMD?
Believed Marxism had many stages and China was emerging from the feudal stage so the next step would be capitalist society led by the GMD.
When and what was the long march?
1934-35
Following the Shanghai massacre in 1927 the communist were tracked at all bases and forced to flee.
They marched 6000 miles from Jianxi to Yanan, of the 80000 that set off 6000 reached yanan
Who was Mao Zedong?
A son of a merchant from Hunan who was a founding member fo the CCP in 1921. As head of the Peasant Training Institute he help improve literacy for peasants. He went on to become the chairman of the People’s Republic of China.
What power struggles where there in the CCP?
Political struggle for control over the CCP between those that followed Comintern instructions and those who wanted an independent CCP. (28 Bolsheviks who had been sent to Moscow for training)
Ideological struggle between those who wanted orthodox Marxism and those who wanted to adapt it to chinas situation.
How did Mao consolidate his power in the early CCP?
-Two opponents Zhang Guotao and Wang Ming no longer posed threats to his position.
- 1942 he launched a purge of the remaining critics in the party (Yanan Rectification programme)
- Forced party member to study prescribed texts he had written and held struggle meetings
- formed alliances with prominent communists, Kang Sheng and Zhou Enlai
- Kang Sheng helped him beat and torture anyone disloyal
When was the Yanan Rectification Programme?
1942
What was Mao Zedong thought?
Maos unique model of Marxism that was the official ideology of the CCP. It changed and evolved to suit his and china needs.
Seven key ideas of Mao Zedong thought ?
The importance of peasants as a revolutionary class.
National self reliance.
Continuing revolution
Class struggle
Learning from the people
Mass mobilisation
National revolution
Why was Mao policy’s so appealing and successful?
He has tactical flexibility to his ideology and retained the freedom of manoeuvre within his policy allowing him to adapt to current circumstances. So in places less entrenched in CCP ideology the policy was less radical compared to deeply communist places.
Why did Mao support the peasantry?
Industrial worker where too small a group (1% of society ) and the party was no longer active in cities after 1927.
China peasant where downtrodden, poor and exploited by landlord and had the numbers to form a mass revolutionary force.
How did the CCP engage in social reform?
In Yanan they ended arranged marriages and gave women more freedom of choice and economic opportunities. They imposed literacy among peasants
When was the Marco Polo bridge incident?
7th July 1937
