Chapter One

Question 1

How did the GMD remove opposition?

Answer 1

• Attacked communist in Shanghai in 1927 forcing them to go on the long march
• Strict rules imposed on books, press, films and education to prevent radicalisation.
• 1934-35 hundreds of radical students shot dead in protest
• In rural area where the GMD where not popular administrations became harsh and corrupt.

Question 2

What was the opium suppression unit?

Answer 2

Targeted at crime and drug use but allowed gangsters ( Big Ears Du) to control th trade as long as they shared profits with the government

Question 3

What was the bandit suppression unit?

Answer 3

Promoted anti Communist activities and allowed police to take over anywhere communists where active.

Question 4

Why was there tension between japan and china?

Answer 4

Japan exploited chinas mineral resources and factories.
Japan established a separate Japanese state with its own army in the Kwangtung region of Manchuria.
1915 Japan gives its 21 demand that increased their trading rights for the exploitation of Manchuria which the weak government could not resist

Question 5

What was urban life like in china?

Answer 5

Shanghai, Guangzhou and jianjin experienced cultural growth due to foreign influence.
More investment in manufacturing and cotton industry became major export.
Cities had electricity.
News rails, roads and steamer services boosted businesses
Education improved and western medicine introduced.

Question 6

What was rural life like in china?

Answer 6

Majority of people lived and worked here.
Limited access to education and healthcare reliant on traditional medicine.
Infant mortality high and life expectancy low.
Wealthy men still had concubines and foot binding countinued.
Worldwide depression of 1931-35 hit soya cotton and tobacco farmers very hard.

Question 7

When and what was the northern expedition?

Answer 7

Jiang Jieshis campaign in 1926 to defeat the warlords who ruled small areas of china with local militias. This left most of china under GMD rule.

Question 8

Timeline of early GMD events;

Answer 8

1926- Noorthern Expedition
1931- GMD issued provisional constitution
1936- Elections for National Assembly

Question 9

Problem GMD faced in early years?

Answer 9

• GMD was corrupt and allowed warlord to remain if they supported the GMD
• 1931 Japanese extend control over Manchuria.
• 1927 Shanghai massacre communist build stronghold in Yanan

Question 10

What was the Rape of Nanking?

Answer 10

December 1937:
Mass murder of Chinese civilians in the capital of the republic of china by Japanese forces.

Question 11

When and what was the Marco Polo bridge incident?

Answer 11

September 1931:
Officer in Kwangtung army initiated a clash, without permission of the gov., with Chinese forces leading to a full scale military conflict in southern Manchuria. This led to japan having full control over Manchuria in early 1932 and making it into a puppet state.

Question 12

How did Jiang Jieshi consolidate his power base?

Answer 12

• removed opposition to his regime
• as head of whampoa military academy he created corp of loyal officers who formed his blue shirt movement
• married song mei ling daughter of rich businessman with family links to sun yat sen.
• during this time there where no elections as the GMD did not have popular vote they had power by support from businessmen and landowners

Question 13

What is the military bureau of statistics?

Answer 13

Network of spies that infiltrates opposition

Question 14

What is the central political institute

Answer 14

Prepared men to be leader with and emphasis on loyalty to the GMD

Question 15

What where Jiang Jieshis values?

Answer 15

He was Confucian and Christian.

Question 16

What where the ‘Three Principle of the people’?

Answer 16

NATIONALISM:
China to be united economically militarily and free from foreign interference through regaining treaty ports.
DEMOCRACY:
Long term goal, they did not want the idea of democracy to wake the nation. 3 steps to democracy, military rule, political Rutledge and then democracy.
PEOPLES LIVELIHOOD:
A key feature of the Chinese’s people was poverty wanted to alleviate this through land reform and taxation.

Question 17

When and What was the New Life Movement?

Answer 17

1934:
Movement launched to create a new national consciousness by stopping provocative dresses, sexual acts in public and spitting in public, often involved harassment of Chinese women.