Chapter Four Flashcards
When did the civil war begin in China?
July 1946
How was China divided at the end of World War Two?
Japan occupied north and centre of china and large Chinese coastline.
Nationalists occupied southern and western area from chongqing
Communist controlled much of northern countryside
USSR controllled Manchuria
How many troops and artillery weapons did the GMD have?
Troops 4.3m
Artillery 6000
How many troops and artillery weapons did the CCP have?
Troops 880,000
Artillery 600
What was the communist fighting style?
Guerilla warfare with a smaller more tightly knit force, they had large quantities of weapons from the red army in Manchuria . The CCP troops were well disciplined and had strong belief in their cause.
What was the CCPs ideologies?
Party of the people and patriotic in fighting the Japanese. They involved peasants and encouraged the national bourgeoisie to join them. Communist troops spread proper Ganda wherever they went.
What were GMD military tactics?
Fought conventional warfare, large well equipped force with aircraft and heavy artillery weapons. The GMD troops were ill disciplined and lacked the will to fight. The leader were tactically weak.
What was the GMDS political standpoint?
‘ one true party of china’
They controlled the central government but were divided by factional rivalry
Regime was plagued with corruption and inefficiency
Had not fulfilled sun yat sens three principles
How was GMD at and advantage post war?
They where the official government of china and recognised as so by international power and thus where allowed take Japans official surrender ad used surrendered Japanese forces to take control from the Communists. American plane took 500,000 GMD troops to Manchuria.
What was agreed to at the peace talk in Chongqing in October 1945?
A democratic political system with free elections and personal freedoms.
Release of political prisoners.
Unified military force.
Elections for National Assembly.
What and when was the Marshall mission?
December 1945
George Marshall went to china to mediate between the CCP and GMD persuading booth sides to agree to a ceasefire and for Jiang to hold a Political conference which hosted representatives form all chinas political parties. They reached and agreement on a constitution.
What was Stalin policy towards China?
1945 Stalin signed an agreement with the GMD granting him rights to Manchuria, Mao viewedthis as a betrayal.
Stalin had little faith in the CCP and did not want to get involved in a civil war when attempting to increase his control in Europe.
He had mixed policies toward the CCP ordering them to surrender area of Manchuria to the GMD while also delaying his troops withdrawal and giving CCP large number of weapons.
Stalin hoped the conflict would weaken China and make it very prone to international influence to serve his own interests.
Was the Marshall Mission successful?
No, Jiang attempted to change the agreement to create and autocratic form of government. The other political parties including the CCP withdrew their permission and Jiang went ahead with it anyway intensifying the fighting.
When did a ceasefire happen and why?
June 1946 Marshall threatened to withdrew us aid from the GMD forcing Jiang to agree to. Ceasefire which only lasted 15 days but was crucial for the CCP to rest and halted the GMD advance into Manchuria.
What was the America policy towards China?
America was eager to be the dominant power in east Asia and the pacific so formed and alliance with the nationalists.
Many American commanders were critical of Jiang Jieshi and even admired Mao. The us wanted to avoid civil war in China as they saw the possibility of the USSR exploiting the situation to their advantage and thy did not want a communist victory in china.
When where us arms supplies halted?
September 1946- July 1947
How many bases did the communists have in the civil war?
19 bases including their centre Yanan
How many people did the CCP control during the civil war?
90 million out of 600 million
