Chapter Five Flashcards
What were the nationalist military weaknesses?
Jiang sent best troops into Manchuria without securing north and central China spreading his troops thin.
Leader were corrupt and could not plan ahead, they often stole money for soldiers pay
Jiang struggle to delegate power to his subordinate for lack of trust
Morale of force where low as soldier only forced conscripts one instance of a thousand group conscription only 100 survived the march
Why did the CCP win the civil war?
Mao claimed to understand the people struggle which was stark contrast to the out of touch GMD leaders, Mao attackers landlords and redistributed 60% of land boosting agricultural output significantly.
Guerilla warfare was very effective as it allowed small unannounced attack on GMD force that reduced morale and eventually took them out. Mao organised a Guerilla warfare force into a well distributed PLA .
Mao assumed direct control over the armed forces and overcame doubt of his marshals allowing him to intervene at any point. He did not heed Stalin’s advice to withdraw for fear of a us invasion, he held fast and reclaimed china.
Who was the leader of the PLA?
Lin Baio
How did the tactical flexibility of the PLA help Mao?
He could happily cede area if it mean greater gain in the future something that Jiang could not do. They gave up their base at Yanan when overwhelmed by a greater force and Mao famously said “ We will give Jiang Yanan, and he will give us china”
What where the nationalist military weaknesses and how did this help theCCP win?
Jiang sent his best troops to Manchuria while not having secured total control over central and northern china, Spreading his troops too thin.
His supply lines were too long and very weak to CCP attacks.
The leaders he appointed were weak and corrupt lacking the ability to plan ahead and to form supply chains. They often stole the money meant for the troops pay.
How didn pla leadership lead to a CCP victory?
Lin Baio was a very capable leader who was a veteran of the long march and Japanese war, he had experience with guerrilla warfare and conventional warfare.
How did the discipline of the PLA troops aid a CCP victory?
Mao expressed that his soldier always treat native populations with respect wherever they went. This helped inform the belief that the army and the people where one. And garnered the ccp more respect and a better reputation among the people.
How did the morale among the PLA troops aid the CCP victory?
Troops were motivated by and ideological commitment to the struggle.
Political indoctrination was part of PLA training making troops more likely to endure hardships for a cause they believed in.
The military campaign also served a spreading of propaganda as the troops would spread properganda to those they encountered recruiting them to the CCP
How did guerilla warfare contribute to a CCP victory?
Effective in Manchuria as it had hilly terrain and large forests. used to wear down the GMD unit bu unit reducing their numerical advantage and wearing down morale.
CCP tactically dominated rural area and sized vital communication lines whereas the GMD stayed in their cities
When was the peoples republic of china formed?
1st October 1949 Mao declared it in Tianamen square.
Summary of phase one of the civil war and when it was?
July 1946-May 1947Nationalist have CCP on the defensive establishing GMD controlled corridor along the Manchurian coast.
CCP loose control of Yanan
CCP mainly confined to Manchuria using guerrilla tactics.
When was the civil war?
1946-1949
2nd Phase of the civil war + when was it?
May 1947-Novemeber 1948
PLA launch full space assault on GMD inflicting high casualties with guerrilla tactics
PLA capture shangdong and Luoyang isolation GMD stronghold of Jinan
CCP win victors in Manchuria isolating GMD force there from the rest of china
Phase three of civil war + when was it?
December 1948-October 1949
Beijing captured by CCP with whole of northern china under CCP control
PLA forces divide under Lin Baio and Peng Duahai for final offensive
Nanjing and Shanghai captured
Jiang flees to Taiwan and Mao calls political consultive council
How did Jiang himself contribute to the GMD loss?
Jiang was a poor military leader unable to delegate power to his subordinates.
He attempted to control what his commanders did on the battle field when he wasn’t present. He wearied his close supporters with promotion and was suspicious of more independent minded commanders.
How did morale of PLA troops lead to their defeat in the civil war?
The army was mainly conscripts who were left many days without food and water. The forces lacked fighting spirit and deaths from hunger and cold where common, there were high numbers of desertion and in some cases troop had to be tied together to prevent this. Nationalsit troops had a reputation for violence and brutality against civilians.
How many troop and artillery did the GMD have?
2,200,000 troops an 21,000 artillery
How many troops and artillery did the CCP have?
1,560,000 troops
22,800 artillery
How did political unity aid the CCP in winning the Civil War?
Now established himself as leader of the party. His leadership was authoritarian and he assured his political ideology. Malagong thought was at the head of the party debates over policy were only allowed in the top strain of leadership and no longer caused in party divisions. Mal had a strong reputation in the party being responsible for the policy of supporting the peasants and gorilla warfare which proved successful party. Unity was deeply ingrained in communist policies and gave leadership of the communist party in out of confidence and authority.
How did democratic dictatorship help the CCP in their civil War victory?
Area under CCP control were called liberated areas and had a government that combined elements of dictatorship and democracy
All decision making in these areas was controlled by the CCP and at a local level there was opportunities for nonmember peasants and other classes to participate in revolutionary committees to decide on education, health farming and land reform
Mass participation was a key factor in building CCP support
How did peasant support and land reform help the CCP in the civil War?
Chinese society was mostly rural so peasant support was crucial.
Area is on the communist control so land reforms to benefit the poorest peasant and win their support when the Civil War began. The CCP returned to their more radical policy of land confiscation and at village rallies landlords and Richard peasants were announced and subject to humiliation and violence which by 1948 became so violent that CCP members began to petition Mao for restraint.
What was CCP membership like prior to the Civil War?
CCP membership included peasant farmers factory and railway workers, teachers and students
there was limited support among the middle classes who were drawn to the partydue to their record fighting Japan.
They had limited support in the cities with very few CCP initiated strikes in Shanghai
CCP membership in cities was limited prior to CCP takeover.
How did the use of propaganda aid the communist victory in 1949?
Posters and physical forms of propaganda were significant.
The CCP’s biggest method of propaganda that was PLA troops who had received political indoctrination as well as military training .
Each soldier became an agent in CCP areas stressing the patriotic struggle for national liberation and the promise to bring democracy and social reform to China .
