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Med Term > Chapter Two > Flashcards

Chapter Two Flashcards

0
Q

Ventr/o

A

Belly

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1
Q

Ventral

A

Refers to the belly or underside of a body or body part

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2
Q

Cranial

A

Toward the head

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3
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull

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4
Q

Anterior

A

Front of the body

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5
Q

Anteri/o

A

Before

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6
Q

Rostral

A

Nose end of the head

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7
Q

Rostrum

A

Beak

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8
Q

Cephalic

A

Pertaining to the head

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9
Q

Kephale

A

Head

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10
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline

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11
Q

Medi/o

A

Middle

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12
Q

Superior

A

Uppermost, above, or toward the head

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13
Q

Proximal

A

Nearest the midline or nearest to the beginning of a structure

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14
Q

Superficial

A

Near the surface (also called external)

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15
Q

Palmar

A

Caudal surface of the manus (front paw) including carpus

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16
Q

Dorsal

A

Refers to the back

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17
Q

Dors/o

A

Back

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18
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail

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19
Q

Posterior

A

Rear of the body

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20
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

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21
Q

Inferior

A

Lower most, below, or toward the tail

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22
Q

Distal

A

Farthest from the midline or farthest from the beginning of a structure

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23
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface (also called internal)

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24
Q

Plantar

A

Caudal surface of the pes (rear paw) including the tarsus

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25
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

The plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves
(Also called medial plane and midline)

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26
Q

Sagittal plane

A

The plane that divides the body into unequal right and left parts

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27
Q

Dorsal plane

A

The plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts
(Also called frontal or coronal plane)

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28
Q

Transverse plane

A

The plane that divides the body into cranial and causal parts.
(Also called horizontal plane or cross-sectional plane)

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29
Q

-logy

A

Study of

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30
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of body structure

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31
Q

Physiology

A

Study of body functions

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32
Q

Pathology

A

Study of the nature, causes, and development of abnormal conditions

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33
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Study of changes in function caused by disease

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34
Q

Etiology

A

Study or disease causes

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35
Q

Buccal surface

A

Aspect of the tooth that faces the cheek (also called vestibular surface)

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36
Q

Occlusal surface

A

Aspects of the teeth that meet when you chew

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37
Q

Labial surface

A

Tooth surface facing the lips

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38
Q

Contact surfaces

A

Aspects of tooth that touch other teeth

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39
Q

Mesial

A

Surface closest to the midline of the dental arcade or arch

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40
Q

Distal

A

Contact surface furthest from the midline of dental arcade

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41
Q

Arcade

A

Used to describe how teeth are arranged in the mouth

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42
Q

Lingual surface

A

Aspect of the tooth that faces the tongue

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43
Q

Palatal surface

A

Tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue

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44
Q

Cavity

A

Hole or hollow space on the body that contains and protects internal organs

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45
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Hollow space that contains the brain in the skull

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46
Q

Spinal cavity

A

Hollow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column

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47
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Hollow space that contains heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and diaphragm (chest cavity)

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48
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Hollow space that contains the major organs of digestion located between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity (Peritoneal cavity)

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49
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

Hollow space that contains the reproductive and some excretory systems (bladder and rectum) organs bounded by pelvic bones

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50
Q

Abdomen

A

Portion of the body between the thorax and pelvis containing the abdominal cavity

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51
Q

Thorax

A

Chest region located between the neck and diaphragm

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52
Q

Groin

A

Lower region of the abdomen adjacent to the thigh (also known as inguinal area)

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53
Q

Membranes

A

Thin layers of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity, or divide a space or an organ

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54
Q

Peritoneum

A

Membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and covers some organs in this area

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55
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

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56
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal organs

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57
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

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58
Q

Umbilicus

A

Put in the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered the fetus

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59
Q

Navel

A

Umbilicus

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60
Q

Mesentery

A

Layer of the peritoneum that suspends parts of the intestine in the abdominal cavity

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61
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

Superficial to the peritoneum

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62
Q

Recumbent

A

Lying down

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63
Q

Dorsal recumbency

A

Lying on the back

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64
Q

Ventral recumbency

A

Lying on the belly

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65
Q

Left lateral recumbency

A

Lying on the left side

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66
Q

Right lateral recumbency

A

Lying on the right side

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67
Q

Prone

A

Lying in ventral or sternal recumbency

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68
Q

Supine

A

Lying in dorsal recumbency

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69
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline

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70
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline

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71
Q

Flexion

A

Closure of a joint angle or reduction of the angle between two bones

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72
Q

Extension

A

Straightening of a joint or an increase in the angle between two bones

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73
Q

Hyperflexion

A

The palmar or plantar movement of the joint angles

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74
Q

Hyperextension

A

Dorsal movement of the joints beyond the reference angle

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75
Q

Supination

A

Act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned upward

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76
Q

Pronation

A

Act of rotating the body part or limb so that the palmar surface is turned downward

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77
Q

Rotation

A

Movement that means circular movement around an axis

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78
Q

Cyt/o

A

Combining form for cell

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79
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells

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80
Q

Protoplasm

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, an nucleus

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81
Q

Cell membrane

A

Structure lining the cell that protects the cells contents and regulates what goes in and out of the cell

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82
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Gelatinous material located in the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

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83
Q

Nucleus

A

Structure in a cell that contains nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and the surrounding membrane

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84
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Material in the nucleus

85
Q

Chromosomes

A

Structures in the nucleus composed of DNA

86
Q

Genetic disorder

A

Any inherited disease or condition caused by the defective genes

87
Q

Congenital

A

Denotes something that is present at birth

88
Q

Anomaly

A

A deviation from what is regarded as normal

89
Q

Tissue

A

A group of specialized cells that is similar in structure and function

90
Q

Histology

A

The study of the structure, composition, and function of tissue

91
Q

Hist/o

A

Combining form for tissue

92
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers internal and external body surfaces and is made up of tightly packed cells in a variety if arrangements (aka epithelium)

93
Q

Endothelium

A

Cellular covering that forms the lining of the internal organs (including blood vessels)

94
Q

Mesothelium

A

The cellular covering that forms the lining if serous membranes such as the peritoneum

95
Q

Connective tissue

A

Adds support and structure to the body by holding the organs in place and binding body parts together

96
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Fat

97
Q

Adip/o

A

Combing form for fat

98
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Contains cell material with the specialized ability to contract and relax

99
Q

What are the three muscle types?

A

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

100
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Contains cells with specialized ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses

101
Q

-plasia

A

Describes formation, development, and growth of tissue and cell numbers

102
Q

-trophy

A

Formation, development, and increase in the size of tissue and cells

103
Q

Anaplasia

A

Change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other

104
Q

Aplasia

A

Lack of development if an organ or a tissue or a cell

105
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormal growth or development of an organ or a tissue or a cell

106
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ or a tissue or a cell

107
Q

Hypoplasia

A

Incomplete or less than normal development of an organ or a tissue or a cell

108
Q

Neoplasia

A

Any abnormal new growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive

109
Q

Tumor

A

Distinct mass of tissue

110
Q

Benign

A

Not recurring

111
Q

Malignant

A

Tending to spread and be life threatening

112
Q

-oma

A

Tumor or neoplasm

113
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in size or complete wasting of an organ or tissue or cell

114
Q

Dystrophy

A

Defective growth in the size of an organ or tissue or cell

115
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in the size of an organ or tissue or cell

116
Q

Glands

A

Groups of specialize cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body

117
Q

Aden/o

A

Combing form for gland

118
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances into ducts that lead out of the body or to another organ

119
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances directly into the bloodstream, which transports them throughout the body.

120
Q

Organ

A

Part of the body that performs a special function or functions

121
Q

Bicornuate uterus

A

A uterus with two horns

122
Q

Unilateral

A

Pertaining to one side

123
Q

Bilateral

A

Pertaining to two sides

124
Q

Osteo/o

A

Bones

125
Q

Oss/e

A

Bones

Part of skeletal system

126
Q

Oss/i

A

Bones

Part of skeletal system

127
Q

Arthr/o

A

Joints

Part of skeletal system

128
Q

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage

Part of skeletal system

129
Q

My/o

A

Muscles

Part of muscular system

130
Q

Fasc/i

A

Fascia

Part I muscular system

131
Q

Fasci/o

A

Fascia

Part of muscular system

132
Q

Ten/o

A

Tendons

Part of muscular system

133
Q

Tend/o

A

Tendons

Part of muscular system

134
Q

Tendin/o

A

Tendons

Muscular system

135
Q

Cardi/o

A

Heart

Part of cardiovascular system

136
Q

Arteri/o

A

Arteries

Part of cardiovascular system

137
Q

Ven/o

A

Veins

Part of cardiovascular system

138
Q

Phleb/o

A

Veins

Part of the cardiovascular system

139
Q

Hem/o

A

Blood

Part of cardiovascular system

140
Q

Hemat/o

A

Blood

Part of cardiovascular system

141
Q

Lymph/o

A

Lymph vessels, fluid, or nodes

Part of lymphatic and immune systems

142
Q

Tonsill/o

A

Tonsils

Part of lymphatic and immune system

143
Q

Splen/o

A

Spleen

Part of lymphatic and immune systems

144
Q

Thym/o

A

Thymus

Part of lymphatic and immune systems

145
Q

Nas/o

A

Nose or nares

146
Q

Rhin/o

A

Nose or nares

Part of respiratory system

147
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Pharynx

Part of respiratory system

148
Q

Trache/o

A

Trachea

Part of respiratory system

149
Q

Laryng/o

A

Larynx

Part of respiratory system

150
Q

Pneum/o

A

Lungs

Part of respiratory system

151
Q

Pneumon/o

A

Lungs

Part of respiratory system

152
Q

Or/o

A

Mouth

Part of digestive system

153
Q

Stomat/o

A

Mouth

Part of digestive system

154
Q

Esophag/o

A

Esophagus

Part of digestive system

155
Q

Gastr/o

A

Stomach

Part of digestive system

156
Q

Enter/o

A

Small intestine

Part of digestive system

157
Q

Col/o

A

Large intestine

Part of digestive system

158
Q

Colon/o

A

Large intestine

Par of digestive system

159
Q

Hepat/o

A

Liver

Part of digestive system

160
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas

Part of digestive system

161
Q

Ren/o

A

Kidneys

Part if urinary system

162
Q

Nephr/o

A

Kidneys

Part of urinary system

163
Q

Ureter/o

A

Ureters

Part of urinary system

164
Q

Cyst/o

A

Urinary bladder

Part of urinary system

165
Q

Urethr/o

A

Urethra

Part of urinary system

166
Q

Neur/o

A

Nerves

Part of nervous and special senses system

167
Q

Neur/i

A

Nerves

Part of nervous and special senses system

168
Q

Encephal/o

A

Brain

Par of nervous and special senses

169
Q

Myel/o

A

Spinal cord

Part of nervous and special senses

170
Q

Ophthalm/o

A

Eyes

Nervous and special senses system

171
Q

Ocul/o

A

Eyes

Part of nervous and special senses system

172
Q

Opt/o

A

Eyes

173
Q

Opt/i

A

Eyes

Part of nervous and special senses system

174
Q

Optic/o

A

Sight

Part of nervous and special senses system

175
Q

Ot/o

A

Ears

Part of nervous and special senses

176
Q

Aur/i or aur/o

A

Ears

Part of nervous and special senses

177
Q

Audit/o

A

Ears

178
Q

Aud/i

A

Ears

179
Q

Acoust/o

A

External ear/sound

Part of nervous system and special senses

180
Q

Acous/o

A

External ear/ sound

Part of nervous and special senses system

181
Q

Dermat/o

A

Skin

Part of integumentary system

182
Q

Derm/o

A

Skin

Part of integumentary system

183
Q

Cutane/o

A

Skin

184
Q

Adren/o

A

Adrenals

Part of endocrine system

185
Q

Gonad/o

A

Gonads

Part endocrine system

186
Q

Pineal/o

A

Pineal

Part of the endocrine system

187
Q

Pituit/o

A

Pituitary

Part of the endocrine system

188
Q

Thyroid/o

A

Thyroid

Part of the endocrine system

189
Q

Thyr/o

A

Thyroid

Part of endocrine system

190
Q

Orch/o

A

Testes

Part of reproductive system

191
Q

Orchi/o

A

Testes

192
Q

Orchid/o

A

Testes

193
Q

Testicul/o

A

Testes

194
Q

Ovari/o

A

Ovaries

Part of reproductive system

195
Q

Oophor/o

A

Ovaries

196
Q

Hyster/o

A

Uterus

Part of reproductive system

197
Q

Metr/o or metr/i

A

Uterus

198
Q

Metri/o

A

Uterus

199
Q

Uter/o

A

Uterus

200
Q

1

A

Latin: uni-
Greek: mono-

201
Q

2

A

Latin: duo-, bi-

Greek; dyo-

202
Q

3

A

Latin: tri-
Greek: tri-

203
Q

4

A

Latin: quadri- or quadro-
Greek: tetr- or tetra-

204
Q

5

A

Latin: quinqu- or quint-
Greek: pent- or pentra-

205
Q

6

A

Latin: sex-
Greek: hex- or hexa-

206
Q

7

A

Latin: sept- or septi-
Greek: hept- or hepta-

207
Q

8

A

Latin: octo-
Greek: oct-, octa-, or octo-

208
Q

9

A

Latin: novem- or nonus-
Greek: emnea-

209
Q

10

A

Latin: deca- or decem-
Greek: dek- or deka-

Med Term (10 decks)

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