Chapter 6 Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
Functions of the digestive system are…
A
Intake and digestion of food and water
Absorption of nutrients
Elimination of solid wastes
2
Q
What is the combining form for nourishment?
A
aliment/o
3
Q
What are the structures of the digestive system?
A
Mouth or oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, accessory organs of digestion
4
Q
Combing forms for lips
A
cheil/o and labi/o
5
Q
Combining form for cheek
A
bucc/o
6
Q
What are the walls of the oral cavity called?
A
Cheeks
7
Q
Combining form for palate
A
palat/o
8
Q
rug/o
A
wrinkle or fold
9
Q
Combining form for tongue
A
gloss/o and lingu/o
10
Q
What is papillae?
A
elevations on the tongue
11
Q
filiform
A
threadlike
12
Q
fungiform
A
mushroom like
13
Q
vallate
A
cup-shaped
14
Q
What are the structures of the mouth?
A
lips, cheeks, palates, salivary glands, tongue, teeth, and periodontium
15
Q
Combining forms for mouth
A
or/o and stomat/o
16
Q
Boundaries of the mouth are…
A
Maxilla and mandible
17
Q
Combining form for jaw
A
gnath/o
18
Q
Having an elongated mandible is called…
Underbite
A
Prognathia
19
Q
Having a shortened mandible is called…
Overbite
A
Brachygnathia
20
Q
Teeth are arranged in the..
A
Maxillary and mandibular arcade
21
Q
Combining forms for teeth
A
dent/o, dent/i, and odont/o
22
Q
What is dentition?
A
Refers to the teeth as a whole
23
Q
Combining for for shedding
A
decidu/o
24
Q
True or false:
The primary dentition is permanant
A
False, it is temporary
25
What is the primary dentition also known as
deciduous dentition
26
What is deciduous dentition in laymans terms?
Shedding baby teeth
27
Secondary dentition is ______.
Permanant
| "adult teeth"
28
Dental formula for an adult dog
I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3
29
Front cutting tooth
Incisor
30
Long, pointed bonelike tooth for grasping and tearing
Canine
31
Cheek tooth that grinds food
Premolar
32
Caudal cheeck tooth that grinds food
Molar
33
What is the outer surface of the tooth, located in the crown?
Enamel
34
What is the outer surface of the tooth, located in the root?
Cementum
35
What is the connective tissue called that surrounds the pulp of the tooth?
Dentin
36
What is the inner part of the tooth that contains nerves, vessels, and loose connective tissue called?
Pulp
37
What is gingiva?
Mucous membrane that surrounds the teeth
38
Combining form for gingiva
gingiv/o
39
Groups of cells that secrete saliva are called...
Salivary glands
40
How are salivary glands named?
By their location
41
Combining forms for salivary glands
sialaden/o and sial/o
42
What is the pharynx
Cavity in the caudal oral cavity that joins the respiratory and GI systems
43
The throat is also known as...
The pharynx
44
Combining form for pharynx
Pharyng/o
45
The collapsible, muscular tube that leads from the oral cavity to the stomach is what?
Esophagus
46
The esophagus is also known as what?
Gullet
47
Combining form for esophagus
esophag/o
48
Where does the esophagus enter?
Stomach through an opening that is surrounded by a sphincter
49
What is a sphincter?
Ringlike muscle that constricts an opening
50
Where are the (remaining) digestive organs found?
Abdomen
51
The abdomen is also known as the...
Peritoneal or abdominal cavity
52
Where is the abdomen located?
Between the diaphragm and pelvis
53
Combining forms for abdomen
abdomin/o and celi/o
54
Combining form for abdomen or flank
lapar/o
55
What is the peritoneum?
Membrane lining that covers the abdominal and pelvic cavity and some of the organs in this area
56
The layer that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities is called the...
Paxetal or perietel peritoneum
57
The layer that covers the abdominal organs is called the...
Visceral peritoneum
58
What is a fold of the peritoneum that connects the stomach to the other visceral organs called?
Omentum
59
What is the stomach?
Saclike organ that aides in digestion of food
60
Combining form for stomach
gastr/o
61
Name the parts of the stomach
Cardia, fundus, body, antrum, pylorus, pyloric sphincter, rugae
62
What is the cardia of the stomach?
Entrance near esophagus
63
What is the fundus?
Cranial, rounded part of stomach, expands when stomach is full
64
What is the body of the stomach?
Main part
65
What is the antrum?
Caudal part of stomach
66
What is the pylorus?
Narrow passage between stomach and duodenum
67
What is the pyloric sphincter?
Muscle ring that controls flow of material from stomach to small intestine
68
What is rugae in the stomach?
Folds in the mucosa
69
Ruminants ______ and _______ their food.
Regurgitate and remasticate
70
Parts of the ruminant stomach
Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abdomasum
71
What is the rumen?
Largest part of a ruminants stomach, serves as a fermentation vat
72
What is the reticulum
Most cranial portion of ruminants stomach
73
What is omasum?
Third part of ruminants stomach that squeezes fluid out of the food bolus
74
What is the abdomasum?
Fourth part of the ruminants stomach that is the true glandular stomach (has secretions)
75
Where is the small intestine?
Extends from the pylorus to the large intestine
76
What holds the small intestine in place?
Mesentery (Hangs in baack)
77
Combining form for small intestine
enter/o
78
Segments of the small intestine are:
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
79
What is the duodenum?
Proximal part of the small intestine
80
Combining forms for duodenum
duoden/i or duoden/o
81
What is the jejunum?
Middle part of small intestine (long piece)
82
Combining form for jejunum
jenun/o
83
What is the ileum?
Distal part of small intestine (connects to large intestine)
84
Combining form for ileum
ile/o
85
Where is the large intestine?
Extends from the ileum to the anus
86
The segments of the large intestine are:
Cecum, colon, rectum, anus
87
What is the cecum?
Pouch that takes food from the ileum (part of large intestine)
88
Combining form for cecum
cec/o
89
What is the colon?
Varies among species
90
Combining form for colon
col/o
91
What is the rectum?
Caudal portion of large intestine (pouch)
92
Combining form for rectum
rect/o
93
What is the anus?
Caudal opening of the large intestine
94
Combining form for anus
an/o
95
Combining form for anus and rectum together
proct/o
96
Where is the liver located?
Caudal to the diaphragm
97
Combining form for liver
hepat/o
98
Combining form for bile
chol/e
99
Combining form for sac
cyst/o
100
Combining form for receptacle
doch/o
101
What does the pancreas do
Produces enzymes
102
Combining form for pancreas
pancreat/o
103
What is digestion
process of breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can use
104
What is metabolism
Processes involved in the body's use of nutrients (changing)
105
Combining form for change or beyond
Meta-
106
What is anabolism?
Building up of body cells
107
What is catabolism?
Breaking down of body cells
108
What is the process of taking digested nutrients into the circulatory system called?
Absorption
109
What is absoption also known as
assimilation
110
Where does absorption occur?
Small intestine
111
What is villi?
Tiny hairlike projections that help increase the surface area of the small intestine, allowing more nutrients to be absorbed
112
Combining form for tuft of hair
Vill/i
113
What are the valleys that result from the projections of the small intestine?
Crypts
114
Where is food grasped and collected?
In the oral cavity
115
What is prehension?
Grasping food with lips or teeth
116
What is mastication?
Breaking food into smaller pieces (chewing)
117
What is deglutition?
Moving chewed food into the pharynx and then into the esophagus
118
What closes off the entrance to the trachea?
Epiglottis
119
What moves food down the esophagus?
Gravity and peristalsis
120
What is peristalsis
Series of wavelike contractions of smooth muscle
121
Combining form for contraction
-stalsis
122
How does food move through the small intestine?
Peristalsis and segmentation
123
What causes poop-shape
Segmentation involving side to side mixing of ingesta
