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Med Term > Chapter 6 Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the digestive system are…

A

Intake and digestion of food and water
Absorption of nutrients
Elimination of solid wastes

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2
Q

What is the combining form for nourishment?

A

aliment/o

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3
Q

What are the structures of the digestive system?

A

Mouth or oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, accessory organs of digestion

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4
Q

Combing forms for lips

A

cheil/o and labi/o

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5
Q

Combining form for cheek

A

bucc/o

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6
Q

What are the walls of the oral cavity called?

A

Cheeks

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7
Q

Combining form for palate

A

palat/o

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8
Q

rug/o

A

wrinkle or fold

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9
Q

Combining form for tongue

A

gloss/o and lingu/o

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10
Q

What is papillae?

A

elevations on the tongue

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11
Q

filiform

A

threadlike

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12
Q

fungiform

A

mushroom like

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13
Q

vallate

A

cup-shaped

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14
Q

What are the structures of the mouth?

A

lips, cheeks, palates, salivary glands, tongue, teeth, and periodontium

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15
Q

Combining forms for mouth

A

or/o and stomat/o

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16
Q

Boundaries of the mouth are…

A

Maxilla and mandible

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17
Q

Combining form for jaw

A

gnath/o

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18
Q

Having an elongated mandible is called…

Underbite

A

Prognathia

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19
Q

Having a shortened mandible is called…

Overbite

A

Brachygnathia

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20
Q

Teeth are arranged in the..

A

Maxillary and mandibular arcade

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21
Q

Combining forms for teeth

A

dent/o, dent/i, and odont/o

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22
Q

What is dentition?

A

Refers to the teeth as a whole

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23
Q

Combining for for shedding

A

decidu/o

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24
Q

True or false:

The primary dentition is permanant

A

False, it is temporary

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25
Q

What is the primary dentition also known as

A

deciduous dentition

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26
Q

What is deciduous dentition in laymans terms?

A

Shedding baby teeth

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27
Q

Secondary dentition is ______.

A

Permanant

“adult teeth”

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28
Q

Dental formula for an adult dog

A

I 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/3

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29
Q

Front cutting tooth

A

Incisor

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30
Q

Long, pointed bonelike tooth for grasping and tearing

A

Canine

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31
Q

Cheek tooth that grinds food

A

Premolar

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32
Q

Caudal cheeck tooth that grinds food

A

Molar

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33
Q

What is the outer surface of the tooth, located in the crown?

A

Enamel

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34
Q

What is the outer surface of the tooth, located in the root?

A

Cementum

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35
Q

What is the connective tissue called that surrounds the pulp of the tooth?

A

Dentin

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36
Q

What is the inner part of the tooth that contains nerves, vessels, and loose connective tissue called?

A

Pulp

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37
Q

What is gingiva?

A

Mucous membrane that surrounds the teeth

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38
Q

Combining form for gingiva

A

gingiv/o

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39
Q

Groups of cells that secrete saliva are called…

A

Salivary glands

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40
Q

How are salivary glands named?

A

By their location

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41
Q

Combining forms for salivary glands

A

sialaden/o and sial/o

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42
Q

What is the pharynx

A

Cavity in the caudal oral cavity that joins the respiratory and GI systems

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43
Q

The throat is also known as…

A

The pharynx

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44
Q

Combining form for pharynx

A

Pharyng/o

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45
Q

The collapsible, muscular tube that leads from the oral cavity to the stomach is what?

A

Esophagus

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46
Q

The esophagus is also known as what?

A

Gullet

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47
Q

Combining form for esophagus

A

esophag/o

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48
Q

Where does the esophagus enter?

A

Stomach through an opening that is surrounded by a sphincter

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49
Q

What is a sphincter?

A

Ringlike muscle that constricts an opening

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50
Q

Where are the (remaining) digestive organs found?

A

Abdomen

51
Q

The abdomen is also known as the…

A

Peritoneal or abdominal cavity

52
Q

Where is the abdomen located?

A

Between the diaphragm and pelvis

53
Q

Combining forms for abdomen

A

abdomin/o and celi/o

54
Q

Combining form for abdomen or flank

A

lapar/o

55
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

Membrane lining that covers the abdominal and pelvic cavity and some of the organs in this area

56
Q

The layer that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities is called the…

A

Paxetal or perietel peritoneum

57
Q

The layer that covers the abdominal organs is called the…

A

Visceral peritoneum

58
Q

What is a fold of the peritoneum that connects the stomach to the other visceral organs called?

A

Omentum

59
Q

What is the stomach?

A

Saclike organ that aides in digestion of food

60
Q

Combining form for stomach

A

gastr/o

61
Q

Name the parts of the stomach

A

Cardia, fundus, body, antrum, pylorus, pyloric sphincter, rugae

62
Q

What is the cardia of the stomach?

A

Entrance near esophagus

63
Q

What is the fundus?

A

Cranial, rounded part of stomach, expands when stomach is full

64
Q

What is the body of the stomach?

A

Main part

65
Q

What is the antrum?

A

Caudal part of stomach

66
Q

What is the pylorus?

A

Narrow passage between stomach and duodenum

67
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

Muscle ring that controls flow of material from stomach to small intestine

68
Q

What is rugae in the stomach?

A

Folds in the mucosa

69
Q

Ruminants ______ and _______ their food.

A

Regurgitate and remasticate

70
Q

Parts of the ruminant stomach

A

Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abdomasum

71
Q

What is the rumen?

A

Largest part of a ruminants stomach, serves as a fermentation vat

72
Q

What is the reticulum

A

Most cranial portion of ruminants stomach

73
Q

What is omasum?

A

Third part of ruminants stomach that squeezes fluid out of the food bolus

74
Q

What is the abdomasum?

A

Fourth part of the ruminants stomach that is the true glandular stomach (has secretions)

75
Q

Where is the small intestine?

A

Extends from the pylorus to the large intestine

76
Q

What holds the small intestine in place?

A

Mesentery (Hangs in baack)

77
Q

Combining form for small intestine

A

enter/o

78
Q

Segments of the small intestine are:

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

79
Q

What is the duodenum?

A

Proximal part of the small intestine

80
Q

Combining forms for duodenum

A

duoden/i or duoden/o

81
Q

What is the jejunum?

A

Middle part of small intestine (long piece)

82
Q

Combining form for jejunum

A

jenun/o

83
Q

What is the ileum?

A

Distal part of small intestine (connects to large intestine)

84
Q

Combining form for ileum

A

ile/o

85
Q

Where is the large intestine?

A

Extends from the ileum to the anus

86
Q

The segments of the large intestine are:

A

Cecum, colon, rectum, anus

87
Q

What is the cecum?

A

Pouch that takes food from the ileum (part of large intestine)

88
Q

Combining form for cecum

A

cec/o

89
Q

What is the colon?

A

Varies among species

90
Q

Combining form for colon

A

col/o

91
Q

What is the rectum?

A

Caudal portion of large intestine (pouch)

92
Q

Combining form for rectum

A

rect/o

93
Q

What is the anus?

A

Caudal opening of the large intestine

94
Q

Combining form for anus

A

an/o

95
Q

Combining form for anus and rectum together

A

proct/o

96
Q

Where is the liver located?

A

Caudal to the diaphragm

97
Q

Combining form for liver

A

hepat/o

98
Q

Combining form for bile

A

chol/e

99
Q

Combining form for sac

A

cyst/o

100
Q

Combining form for receptacle

A

doch/o

101
Q

What does the pancreas do

A

Produces enzymes

102
Q

Combining form for pancreas

A

pancreat/o

103
Q

What is digestion

A

process of breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can use

104
Q

What is metabolism

A

Processes involved in the body’s use of nutrients (changing)

105
Q

Combining form for change or beyond

A

Meta-

106
Q

What is anabolism?

A

Building up of body cells

107
Q

What is catabolism?

A

Breaking down of body cells

108
Q

What is the process of taking digested nutrients into the circulatory system called?

A

Absorption

109
Q

What is absoption also known as

A

assimilation

110
Q

Where does absorption occur?

A

Small intestine

111
Q

What is villi?

A

Tiny hairlike projections that help increase the surface area of the small intestine, allowing more nutrients to be absorbed

112
Q

Combining form for tuft of hair

A

Vill/i

113
Q

What are the valleys that result from the projections of the small intestine?

A

Crypts

114
Q

Where is food grasped and collected?

A

In the oral cavity

115
Q

What is prehension?

A

Grasping food with lips or teeth

116
Q

What is mastication?

A

Breaking food into smaller pieces (chewing)

117
Q

What is deglutition?

A

Moving chewed food into the pharynx and then into the esophagus

118
Q

What closes off the entrance to the trachea?

A

Epiglottis

119
Q

What moves food down the esophagus?

A

Gravity and peristalsis

120
Q

What is peristalsis

A

Series of wavelike contractions of smooth muscle

121
Q

Combining form for contraction

A

-stalsis

122
Q

How does food move through the small intestine?

A

Peristalsis and segmentation

123
Q

What causes poop-shape

A

Segmentation involving side to side mixing of ingesta

Med Term (10 decks)

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