chapter topic 12.6, 12.7 french revolution

Question 1

why did the moderate stage of the revolution fail?

Answer 1

• failed to address immediate problems
• accept reforms
• outside interference

Question 2

immediate problems

Answer 2

• food shortages (bad harvest, bread prices soared)
• march on versailles (6000 wmn demand bread and bring king and queen back to Paris)
• unemployment (urban workers who helped rev. angry that jobs are not being created)
• chaos, anarchy, and violence (rural peasants are attacking nobles after years of social inequalities/ people fear violence)

Question 3

failure to accept reforms

Answer 3

• declaration of the rights of man (doc. that promised all frenchmen their natural rights to life, liberty, and property)
• constitution of 1791(turn France into limited monarchy/ constitutional monarchy)
• civil constitution of the clergy (placed Catholic Church of France under gov. control)
  1. church lands confiscated and sold to pay off debt
  2. bishops/ priest elect positions (instead of pope)
  3. monasteries and schools closed/ put under state control
• king louie 16 (slow to accept reforms)

Question 4

outside interference

Answer 4

• emigres (French nobles fleeing France and turning foreign leaders of the violence against old order)
• kings of Austria, Prussia issue the declaration of pilnitz (threaten to intercede in rev. and restore absolutism in France)
• pope (angered by civil constitution of the clergy, encourages foreign leaders to intervene on his behalf)
• radicals gain control of rev. and declare war on Prussia and Austria

Question 5

1st estate

Answer 5

• members of the Catholic Church (the clergy)
• did not want anything to change in France unless there was chance they could gain more political power
• had the power to levy a 10% tax/ did not pay taxes

Question 6

2nd estate

Answer 6

• members of the aristocracy (the nobility)
• reform the existing regime and introduce constitutional government
• did not pay any taxes

Question 7

3rd estate

Answer 7

• other members of french society (the commoners)
• wanted greater representation and greater political power to address issues of inequality

Question 8

problems encountered by Jacobins when seizing control of national convention and France

Answer 8

• famine (poor harvest, lack of food)
• shortage of jobs (unemployed and no jobs created by gov.)
• great fear (chaos and anarchy, peasants attack nobility after years of inequality)
• declaration of pilnitz (start a war with Russia/ Austria and GB)
• Parisians were attacking prisons holding nobles/ priests accused of political offenses

Question 9

solutions set for by the Jacobins to save French rev.

Answer 9

• worked to erase old order left by seizing noble land and all nobility titles
• created a 12 member committee for public safety with absolute power and put all citizens to work in war
• the reign of terror was lead by Robespierre who wanted to strike fear into all who were against the revolution through public execution (guillotine)