CHAPTER THREE- MOLECULES OF LIFE

Question 1

Macromolecules

Answer 1

large organic molecules made from smaller building blocks or subunits– four major classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

Question 2

carbohydrates

Answer 2

sugars, CH20 general formula, dissolve well in water

Question 3

Monosaccharides

Answer 3

single unit sugars– store a great deal of energy that are broken down by organisms

Question 4

Disaccharides

Answer 4

two monosaccharides

Question 5

Polysaccharides

Answer 5

two main functions– store energy (starch and glycogen) and structural support ( cellulose and chitin)

Question 6

Cellulose

Answer 6

most abundant organic compound on earth, made up of glucose, found in cell walls

Question 7

Starch

Answer 7

made up of glucose, energy storage molecule in plants

Question 8

Fats

Answer 8

long term energy storage and insulation

Question 9

Lipids

Answer 9

group together because they are hydrophobic

Question 10

Sterols

Answer 10

regulate growth and development

Question 11

Phospholipids

Answer 11

Form cellular membranes

Question 12

Structure of Triglyceride

Answer 12

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 13

Saturated fats

Answer 13

solid at room temperature, all single covalent bonds

Question 14

Unsaturated fats

Answer 14

at least one double bond between carbon bonds– liquid at room temperature

Question 15

Hydrogeneration

Answer 15

artificial addition of hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated fat in oder to make the fat more saturated

Question 16

Cholesterol (sterol)

Answer 16

important component of cell membrane in animals

Question 17

Steroid hormones

Answer 17

regulate sexual development, maturation and sex cell production

Question 18

Proteins

Answer 18

made of amino acids, peptide bonds like amino acids , order of amino acids determine by DNA, order of amino acids determines structure of protein

Question 19

Tertiary structure

Answer 19

polypeptide chain takes on complex three dimensional shape due to interactions of its side chains and aqueous environment

Question 20

Quaternary structure

Answer 20

two or more polypeptide chains bond together

Question 21

Nucleic acids

Answer 21

composed of nucleotides ( sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group) , function as heredity information, blueprint for making proteins (DNA & RNA)