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Biology 50 > CHAPTER ONE- SCIENTIFIC THINKING > Flashcards

CHAPTER ONE- SCIENTIFIC THINKING Flashcards

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1
Q

What is science?

A

a body of knowledge/ an intellectual activity encompassing- observation, description, experimentation, explanation of natural phenomenas/ pathway to understand the world/ study of living things – pathway by which we can discover and understand the world around us

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2
Q

Scientific literacy

A

a general, fact based understanding of biology and other sciences

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3
Q

Biological literacy

A

essential to modern world– ability to use the process of scientific inquiry to think creatively about real world issues that have a biological component, communicate these thoughts to others, integrate ideas into your own decision making

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4
Q

superstition

A

irrational belief that actions that are not logically related to a course of events that influence the outcome

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5
Q

Scientific method

A

process for examination and study

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6
Q

empirical in nature

A

based on experience and observations that are rational, testable and repeatable

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7
Q

self correcting

A

incorrect ideas are discarded in favor of more accurate explanations

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8
Q

flexible

A

adaptable, may have to change ones beliefs when data does not support a hypthesis

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9
Q

Scientific Method Step 1

A

make observations- look for cause and effect relationship

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10
Q

Scientific Method Step 2

A

formulate hypothesis- proposed explanation for observed phenomena

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11
Q

hypothesis

A

proposed explanation for phenomena

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12
Q

null hypothesis

A

a negative statement proposing there is no relationship between two factors

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13
Q

Scientific Method Step 3

A

devise a testable prediction

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14
Q

Scientific Method Step 4

A

conduct a critical experiment- makes it possible to decisively determine if hypothesis is correct

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15
Q

Scientific Method Step 5

A

draw conclusions– look for patterns and relationships in data

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16
Q

theory

A

hunch, guess, speculation– a hypothesis that has withstood test of time and is unlikely to be altered by new evidence

17
Q

scientific theory

A

a hypothesis for which scientists are most certain

18
Q

Cell theory

A

all organisms are composed of cells/ all cells come from pre-existing cells

19
Q

Theory of evolution by natural selection

A

species change overtime/ all species are related to one another through a common ancestor

20
Q

common elements to most experiments - treatment

A

an experimental condition applied to research subjects

21
Q

common elements to most experiments - experimental group

A

a group of subjects that have been exposed to a particular treatment

22
Q

common elements to most experiments - control group

A

treated identical to experimental group with one exception, they are not exposed to treatment

23
Q

common elements to most experiments - variables

A

the characteristics of an experimental system that are subject to change

24
Q

Placebo effect

A

a frequently observed, poorly understood phenomena in which people respond favorably to any treatment

25
Q

blind experimental design

A

experimental subjects do not know which treatment (if any) they are receiving

26
Q

double blind experiment

A

neither the experimental subject nor the experimenter know which treatment the subject is receiving

27
Q

randomized

A

subjects are randomly assigned into experimental and control groups

28
Q

reproducibility

A

conduct an experiment repeatedly with large numbers of subjects to determine validity of experiment

29
Q

independent variable

A

some visible entity that is available at the start of the process and whose value can be changed

30
Q

dependent variable

A

created by the process of being observed, usually changes with response to independent variable

31
Q

pseudoscience

A

scientific sounding claims not supported by trustworthy methodical scientific studies

32
Q

anecdotal observation

A

based on one or a few observations people conclude that there is or is not a link between two things

33
Q

hierarchical organization

A

life is organized on many levels within individual organizations/ organisms are organized into many levels

34
Q

the power of evolution

A

change in genetic characteristics of individuals within populations over time accounts for diversity and unity of organisms

Biology 50 (9 decks)

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