chapter three

Question 1

baby boom

Answer 1

following world war two there was a rise in the number of babys born, increase in younger generation/young people

Question 2

what influenced increased societal change

Answer 2

world war two and new emerging technology; changed the world in a way that couldnt be undone

Question 3

causes of growing social tension

Answer 3

increased immigration and violence, and changes in attitude to class

Question 4

infrastructure definition and examples

Answer 4

physical environment of a modern developed society (e.g. network of communications (roads, railways, airports) and telecommunication, the industrial base, the public buildings, the schools + housing stock)

Question 5

general ratio of council house owners to private house owners in the 50s

Answer 5

council > private

Question 6

hire purchase

Answer 6

essentially credit (pay a deposit then monthly payments until cost is covered with interest; once the contracted monthly payments are over customer can either pay full balance and buy the product or return it- ‘hire purchase’)
not available for women

Question 7

products that surged in ownership due to consumerist boom

Answer 7

televisions, washing machines, refrigerators, new furniture

Question 8

what stimulated consumerism

Answer 8

hire purchase

Question 9

rise of tv ownership 1957-59

Answer 9

32%

Question 10

estimation of % of population watching the tv every night in the 50s

Answer 10

50%

Question 11

car ownership increase between 1957 to 1959

Answer 11

25%

Question 12

when was the m1 built

Answer 12

1957-1963

Question 13

impact of more cars and roads

Answer 13

people could travel further, cheaper and easier; de-isolated cities and rural areas and further growth of towns (esp emerging towns designed by labour in the 1940s like stevenage)

Question 14

impact of class on 1951 election

Answer 14

class loyalties were strong; 65% of working class voted labour; 80% of middle class voted conservative

Question 15

causes of loss of deference

Answer 15

suez crisis; eden (epitome of eton) lying
rise of cnd support; challenging authority
press coverage of profumo affair
satire boom by the 1960s

Question 16

cnd

Answer 16

campaign for nuclear disarment

Question 17

the establishment

Answer 17

term for the informal networks that connected social and political elites; the most influential people of britain was uninpenetratable

Question 18

old boys network

Answer 18

lots of establishments went to same schools, and would therefore all have connections (e.g eton or harrow)

Question 19

examples of satire boom

Answer 19

by 1960; beyond the fringe tv show
from 1961; the private eye magazine
in 1962; that was the week that was tv show

Question 20

conservative reputation in regards to deference

Answer 20

seen to be run by the establishment; who were becoming increasingly hated

Question 21

angry young men

Answer 21

group of writers who rebelled against the establishment and plays that reflected contemporary society as they viewed it; (mundane, bleak, bitter and intense)

Question 22

example of a play written by an angry young man

Answer 22

look back in anger; 1956; by john osborne

Question 23

average age of marriage for women in the 50s

Answer 23

by 21 75% were married

Question 24

ratio of women working in 1951

Answer 24

1 in 5 women worked

Question 25

causes for women not working

Answer 25

societal expectations family allowance not supported by trade unions no hire-purchase to afford a vehicle for work lack of access to childcare

Question 26

equal pay acts for professions in the 50s

Answer 26

teachers; 1952 civil servants; 1954

Question 27

when was elizabeths coronation

Answer 27

1953

Question 28

new commonwealth

Answer 28

countries that had recently gained independance

Question 29

new commonwealth examples

Answer 29

pakistan; india; some caribbean countries (not white)

Question 30

old commonwealth examples

Answer 30

australia; new zealand; canada; south africa (white)

Question 31

what event is associated with the beginning of immigration from the 40s

Answer 31

windrush; 1948

Question 32

how many commonwealth immigrants were in britain by 1958

Answer 32

210,000

Question 33

ratio of people immigrating vs emigrating throughout the 1950s

Answer 33

676,000 immigrating; 1,320,000 emigrating

Question 34

when were the notting hill riots

Answer 34

august 1958

Question 35

notting hill riots summary

Answer 35

violent outbreaks in notting hill which had a large divide between african-carribean population and the working class white population; large mobs of white youth attacked the carribeans; with some fighting back; police response reflected wider racial discrimination; furthered bad relationship between black people and the police in the uk

Question 36

why did the notting hill riots start

Answer 36

half of notting hill was largely african-carribean and the other half were white working class people; both exploited by landlords but the white people blamed immigration for bad living conditions; despite the immigrants luving in worse conditions; caused massive racial tension between notting hill; this tension worsened by fascists like oswald mosely to trigger the riots

Question 37

oswald mosely

Answer 37

infamous leader of union of facists from 1948; friend of hitler and musilini; started as communist but turned facist due to discontent with the labour party and immigration; leader of the 'black shirts'

Question 38

impact of notting hill riots

Answer 38

worsened relations between black people and the police; heavily publicised

Question 39

legal impact of notting hill riots

Answer 39

the commonwealth immigration act passed; 1962

Question 40

conscription in the 50s

Answer 40

national service for 2 years for young men required from 1947 to 1960

Question 41

teddy boys

Answer 41

took influence of edwardian fashion trends and were linked with delinquency and rising crime rates

Question 42

3 main subcultures of the 1950s

Answer 42

teddy boys; early fifties rockers and mods; late fifties

Question 43

height of mods vs. rockers

Answer 43

may 1964; large mobs on either side fought for two days in brighton; but violence was mostly exaggerated and was largely a moral panic

Question 44

reaction to the slow evolution to permissive society

Answer 44

the new culture was not universally popular and there was a lot of backlash towards the immorality; overall the majority opinion in britain remained conservative