chapter nine Flashcards

1
Q

when did heath win the election

A

1970

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2
Q

when was the decimalisation of the currency

A

1971

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3
Q

when was bloody sunday in northern ireland

A

1972

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4
Q

when was british entry to eec

A

1973

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5
Q

when were miners strikes and imposition of three day work week

A

1973

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6
Q

when did heath lose the election

A

1974

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7
Q

what were heaths main goals as prime minister

A

modernisation of britain
joining the eec
fixing industrial relations

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8
Q

how was heaths education different to the rest of the conservative party

A

was the first state educated leader of the conservatives

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9
Q

conservatives 1970 manifesto

A

tax reform
better law and order
reforms to trade unions
immigration controls
cuts to public spending
end to public subsidies of failing businesses

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10
Q

lame duck industry

A

one that is unable to compete and survive without support from the state

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11
Q

how did heaths belief in one nation toryism affect the manifesto

A

he still believed in the post-war consensus and had interest in fighting for the ‘ordinary man’ rather than prioritising the business class (in ideology at least)

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12
Q

reforms under heath

A

school leaving age raised to 16
british currency went decimal

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13
Q

decimalisation

A

this had been agreed in 1965 but came into force 1971, new British currency would have 100 pennies rather than the previous 144 pennies in a pound, bringing it more in line with the currencies of other European countries

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14
Q

stagflation

A

a word invented by economists to describe the unusual combination of inflation and stagnant economic growth (which often produces unemployment) occurring at the same time

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15
Q

why did stagflation occur under heath

A

Barber introduced cuts in public spending + tax cuts to try and encourage investment but instead caused inflation

however, inflation was not causing economic growth like usual; unemployment was growing (super unusual in periods of high inflation)

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16
Q

who was the chancellor under heath

A

Anthony Barber

17
Q

u turn

A

a reversal of previous policy; Edward heaths u-turn in 1971 to 1972 was his retreat from the free-enterprise economic principles his government had tried to follow from 1970

18
Q

result of the u turn

A

by 1973 governments intervention seemed to be working, unemployment fell back to 500,00

19
Q

what countered the positive effects of the u turn

A

the oil price crisis of 1973 and then the following energy crisis

20
Q

when was the oil price crisis

A

october 1973

21
Q

what caused the oil price crisis

A

yom kippur war!!! in the middle east

the war prompted (opec) most oil providers to declair an oil embargo so exports suddenly stopped, increasing demand and stopping supply = crisis

22
Q

what domestic issues were caused by the oil price crisis (not economic)

A

the miners union (num) took the opportunity to demand a huge pay rise in november 2973 due to energy shortage

23
Q

heaths early industrial policies

A

abolishment of national board for prices and income
the industrial relations act;
set up an industrial relations court
required ballots for striking
required a cooling off period for striking

24
Q

response to industrials relations act

A

both traade union coongress and the confederation of british industry were opposed

led to major strikes in 1972 across lots of industries (firefighters to hospital staff to civil servants)

1972 saw highest number of days lost to strikes since the general strike in 1926

25
how many days lost to strikes in 1972
23 million (23,909,000)
26
aims of the industry act and when was it introduced
1972 aimed to involve the government, the tuc and the cbi in agreeing wages, prices, investment and benefits- but didnt stop industrial disputes
27
why and when was the three day week introduced
in november 1973 miners asked for another unrealistic pay increase due to the oil crisis; and introduced an overtime ban to strengthen their demands. there was not enough energy for the country due to oil embargo + miners strike / threat of coal strike three day week introduced beginning of 1974
28
when did heath call an election + what were the results
28 February 1974 hung parliament (no political party has an overall majority) labour ended up forming a minority government
29
when was internment introduced in NI and what is it
1971 locking up suspects without trial
30
what was the percentage of those interned who were catholic
95%
31
events from the troubles 1970-74
may 71; 2 British soldiers killed by assumably the ira aug 71; 300 people interned jan 72; bloody sunday (13 killed by british army) feb 1972; 7 killed by ira bomb in england dec 73; sunningdale conference feb 74; 12 killed by ira bomb in a coach
32
bloody sunday
there was an organised march against internment, but attempts to control march by british soldiers led to gunfire and 26 unarmed civilians being shot, with 13 dying that day
33
result of bloody sunday
1972 becoming deadliest year of the troubles support for ira grew british embassy in dublin burned down 480 people were killed heath suspended the stormont parliament march 1972 instead brought in direct rule from westminster
34
what was the sunningdale agreement and when was it negotiated
1973 proposed a power-sharing executive of both nationalists and unionists a new northern ireland assembly elected under a system of proportional representation council of ireland that would have some input from republic or ireland
35
why didnt the sunningdale agreement work
extremists on both sides were against it the leader of the executive was replaced by harry west who was opposed to the agreement distractions from the miners strikes and the general election