chapter nine

Question 1

when did heath win the election

Answer 1

1970

Question 2

when was the decimalisation of the currency

Answer 2

1971

Question 3

when was bloody sunday in northern ireland

Answer 3

1972

Question 4

when was british entry to eec

Answer 4

1973

Question 5

when were miners strikes and imposition of three day work week

Answer 5

1973

Question 6

when did heath lose the election

Answer 6

1974

Question 7

what were heaths main goals as prime minister

Answer 7

modernisation of britain
joining the eec
fixing industrial relations

Question 8

how was heaths education different to the rest of the conservative party

Answer 8

was the first state educated leader of the conservatives

Question 9

conservatives 1970 manifesto

Answer 9

tax reform
better law and order
reforms to trade unions
immigration controls
cuts to public spending
end to public subsidies of failing businesses

Question 10

lame duck industry

Answer 10

one that is unable to compete and survive without support from the state

Question 11

how did heaths belief in one nation toryism affect the manifesto

Answer 11

he still believed in the post-war consensus and had interest in fighting for the ‘ordinary man’ rather than prioritising the business class (in ideology at least)

Question 12

reforms under heath

Answer 12

school leaving age raised to 16
british currency went decimal

Question 13

decimalisation

Answer 13

this had been agreed in 1965 but came into force 1971, new British currency would have 100 pennies rather than the previous 144 pennies in a pound, bringing it more in line with the currencies of other European countries

Question 14

stagflation

Answer 14

a word invented by economists to describe the unusual combination of inflation and stagnant economic growth (which often produces unemployment) occurring at the same time

Question 15

why did stagflation occur under heath

Answer 15

Barber introduced cuts in public spending + tax cuts to try and encourage investment but instead caused inflation

however, inflation was not causing economic growth like usual; unemployment was growing (super unusual in periods of high inflation)

Question 16

who was the chancellor under heath

Answer 16

Anthony Barber

Question 17

u turn

Answer 17

a reversal of previous policy; Edward heaths u-turn in 1971 to 1972 was his retreat from the free-enterprise economic principles his government had tried to follow from 1970

Question 18

result of the u turn

Answer 18

by 1973 governments intervention seemed to be working, unemployment fell back to 500,00

Question 19

what countered the positive effects of the u turn

Answer 19

the oil price crisis of 1973 and then the following energy crisis

Question 20

when was the oil price crisis

Answer 20

october 1973

Question 21

what caused the oil price crisis

Answer 21

yom kippur war!!! in the middle east

the war prompted (opec) most oil providers to declair an oil embargo so exports suddenly stopped, increasing demand and stopping supply = crisis

Question 22

what domestic issues were caused by the oil price crisis (not economic)

Answer 22

the miners union (num) took the opportunity to demand a huge pay rise in november 2973 due to energy shortage

Question 23

heaths early industrial policies

Answer 23

abolishment of national board for prices and income
the industrial relations act;
set up an industrial relations court
required ballots for striking
required a cooling off period for striking

Question 24

response to industrials relations act

Answer 24

both traade union coongress and the confederation of british industry were opposed

led to major strikes in 1972 across lots of industries (firefighters to hospital staff to civil servants)

1972 saw highest number of days lost to strikes since the general strike in 1926

Question 25

how many days lost to strikes in 1972

Answer 25

23 million (23,909,000)

Question 26

aims of the industry act and when was it introduced

Answer 26

1972
aimed to involve the government, the tuc and the cbi in agreeing wages, prices, investment and benefits- but didnt stop industrial disputes

Question 27

why and when was the three day week introduced

Answer 27

in november 1973 miners asked for another unrealistic pay increase due to the oil crisis; and introduced an overtime ban to strengthen their demands. there was not enough energy for the country due to oil embargo + miners strike / threat of coal strike

three day week introduced beginning of 1974

Question 28

when did heath call an election + what were the results

Answer 28

28 February 1974
hung parliament (no political party has an overall majority)
labour ended up forming a minority government

Question 29

when was internment introduced in NI and what is it

Answer 29

1971
locking up suspects without trial

Question 30

what was the percentage of those interned who were catholic

Answer 30

95%

Question 31

events from the troubles 1970-74

Answer 31

may 71; 2 British soldiers killed by assumably the ira
aug 71; 300 people interned
jan 72; bloody sunday (13 killed by british army)
feb 1972; 7 killed by ira bomb in england
dec 73; sunningdale conference
feb 74; 12 killed by ira bomb in a coach

Question 32

bloody sunday

Answer 32

there was an organised march against internment, but attempts to control march by british soldiers led to gunfire and 26 unarmed civilians being shot, with 13 dying that day

Question 33

result of bloody sunday

Answer 33

1972 becoming deadliest year of the troubles
support for ira grew
british embassy in dublin burned down
480 people were killed
heath suspended the stormont parliament march 1972
instead brought in direct rule from westminster

Question 34

what was the sunningdale agreement and when was it negotiated

Answer 34

1973
proposed a power-sharing executive of both nationalists and unionists
a new northern ireland assembly elected under a system of proportional representation
council of ireland that would have some input from republic or ireland

Question 35

why didnt the sunningdale agreement work

Answer 35

extremists on both sides were against it
the leader of the executive was replaced by harry west who was opposed to the agreement
distractions from the miners strikes and the general election