chapter four Flashcards
atlantic alliance
term used to refer to nato; formed in 1949 to defend western alliances in the cold war; made up of 12 countries including britain and america
superpower
an extremely powerful nation with influence oon other countries
britains reputation after world war two
victorious; but burdened, damaged and overshadowed by ussr and usa
britains involvement in american wars 1947
british ambassador in washington had to admit britain was going bankrupt and would have to withdraw from greece, turkey and palestine
when was india and pakistan granted independance
1947
state of empire in the 50s
britain seen as retreating from the empire
eec
european economic community; an economic union first established in the treaty of rome 1957; six founding members were france, german, italy, belgium, netherlands and luxemburg; became eu in 1992
special relationship
used to describe close relationship of the united kingdom and the usa; strengthened by being allies during cold war against the ussr
efta
european free trade association; created in 1960 with britain, austria, denmark, norway, portugal, sweden and switzerland as an alternative to the eec
schuman plan
1950; set out proposals for coal and steel community that would integrate french and german industry for economic growth and reduce past political tension (preventing future conflict); this was the foundation of the eec
reasons for britain not getting involved initially (early 50s; e.g. shuman plan) with europe
left were sceptical of the free market principles behind a common market; and the right prioritised trade links with old commonwealth much more than europe
when was first british application to eec
1961
britains hopes for eec application of 1961
boost industrial production for a large-scale export market
increase industrial effiency
stimulate economic growth with rapid economic expansion
usa wanted britain to act as a bridge to europe due to cold war anxieties
britain making new links as imperial power declines (shown through suez crisis)
when and why were britain rejected from eec
january 1963 by de gualle (france)
impact of british rejection
tension between france and britain; embarrassment for britain; british struggle to rejuvenate economy
when was the cuban missile crisis (height of cold war)
october 1962
british role in cold war in 50s
generally good with both sides; but on side with america; supported usa in korea; britain still associated with supoerpowers but loss any actual influence by the late 50s
burgess and maclean affair
highly placed officers in british intelligence who defected to soviet union in 1951; the press reported heavily; usa (heavily influenced by red scare) became less willing to share secrets with britain
when did britain start making its first independent nuclear deterrent
started in 1947 under labour post war government
when were first tests of atomic bombs
1952
who made atomic bonds before britain and what was their rank
britain was 3rd after america and soviet union
when was cnd formed
1958
what kind of people majorly supported the cnd
young people, left wing, labour
how many people took part of cnd demonstration walk in 1958 at a weapons research base
8,000
