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modern britain > chapter four > Flashcards

chapter four Flashcards

1
Q

atlantic alliance

A

term used to refer to nato; formed in 1949 to defend western alliances in the cold war; made up of 12 countries including britain and america

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2
Q

superpower

A

an extremely powerful nation with influence oon other countries

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3
Q

britains reputation after world war two

A

victorious; but burdened, damaged and overshadowed by ussr and usa

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4
Q

britains involvement in american wars 1947

A

british ambassador in washington had to admit britain was going bankrupt and would have to withdraw from greece, turkey and palestine

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5
Q

when was india and pakistan granted independance

A

1947

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6
Q

state of empire in the 50s

A

britain seen as retreating from the empire

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7
Q

eec

A

european economic community; an economic union first established in the treaty of rome 1957; six founding members were france, german, italy, belgium, netherlands and luxemburg; became eu in 1992

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8
Q

special relationship

A

used to describe close relationship of the united kingdom and the usa; strengthened by being allies during cold war against the ussr

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9
Q

efta

A

european free trade association; created in 1960 with britain, austria, denmark, norway, portugal, sweden and switzerland as an alternative to the eec

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10
Q

schuman plan

A

1950; set out proposals for coal and steel community that would integrate french and german industry for economic growth and reduce past political tension (preventing future conflict); this was the foundation of the eec

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11
Q

reasons for britain not getting involved initially (early 50s; e.g. shuman plan) with europe

A

left were sceptical of the free market principles behind a common market; and the right prioritised trade links with old commonwealth much more than europe

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12
Q

when was first british application to eec

A

1961

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13
Q

britains hopes for eec application of 1961

A

boost industrial production for a large-scale export market
increase industrial effiency
stimulate economic growth with rapid economic expansion
usa wanted britain to act as a bridge to europe due to cold war anxieties
britain making new links as imperial power declines (shown through suez crisis)

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14
Q

when and why were britain rejected from eec

A

january 1963 by de gualle (france)

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15
Q

impact of british rejection

A

tension between france and britain; embarrassment for britain; british struggle to rejuvenate economy

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16
Q

when was the cuban missile crisis (height of cold war)

A

october 1962

17
Q

british role in cold war in 50s

A

generally good with both sides; but on side with america; supported usa in korea; britain still associated with supoerpowers but loss any actual influence by the late 50s

18
Q

burgess and maclean affair

A

highly placed officers in british intelligence who defected to soviet union in 1951; the press reported heavily; usa (heavily influenced by red scare) became less willing to share secrets with britain

19
Q

when did britain start making its first independent nuclear deterrent

A

started in 1947 under labour post war government

20
Q

when were first tests of atomic bombs

A

1952

21
Q

who made atomic bonds before britain and what was their rank

A

britain was 3rd after america and soviet union

22
Q

when was cnd formed

A

1958

23
Q

what kind of people majorly supported the cnd

A

young people, left wing, labour

24
Q

how many people took part of cnd demonstration walk in 1958 at a weapons research base

A

8,000

25
Q

mutual defence agreement

A

1958; usa agreed to share nuclear technology with britain

26
Q

years of the korean war

A

1950-53

27
Q

how many british troops died in korea

A

ove 1,000

28
Q

how many british troops were sent to korea

A

90,000 (2nd biggest contribution after usa)

29
Q

mau mau rebellion

A

rebellion against colonisation in kenya; 1952; one of several violent nationalist uprisings; britain faced difficulty in containing the rebellion and support for it didn’t die until independance of kenya

30
Q

independance granted to ghana

A

1957

31
Q

when was the wind of change speech

A

1960

32
Q

independence of cyprus and nigeria

A

1960

33
Q

independence of kenya

A

1963

34
Q

what did wind of change speech reflect

A

shift away from colony

35
Q

who made the wind of change speech

A

macmillan

36
Q

issues of south africa before independance

A

south africa was at risk of being taken over by white minority rule in the 60s; macmillan wanted south african independance to go to the majority rule

modern britain (24 decks)

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