Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Physiology Bio 340 > chapter three > Flashcards

chapter three Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

membranes

A

fundamental component that makes a cell a cell, defines inside of cell from outside of cell, tissues that line a cavity, separate the cellular interior from extracellular environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the functions of the cell (plasma) membrane or plasmalemma?

A

physical barrier, gateway for exchange, communication, cell structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

physical barrier

A

separates intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

gateway for exchange

A

regulates exchange between intracellular compartments and interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

communication

A

signals surrounding cells and senses extracellular environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cell structure

A

anchor cytoskeleton, form tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what can substances move through?

A

non-polar molecules (fatty acids, vitamins A, D, E, K, steroids), oxygen, carbon dioxide, water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what can substances not move through?

A

ions (sodium, potassium, calcium, hydrogen), polar molecules (polysaccharides, amino acids, glucose, nucleic acids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

is water polar or non-polar?

A

polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

integral

A

any protein that is physically embedded in the membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

transmembrane (integral)

A

all transmembrane proteins are integral, but not all integral are transmembrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

peripheral

A

not integral, not transmembrane, closely associated with the membrane but not embedded in membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are eukaryotic cells?

A

human cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where are eukaryotic cells divided?

A

on the inside with organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cell theory

A

cell is made of many different components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cytosol

A

the semi-liquid portion of the cytoplasm not occupied by organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cytoplasm

A

the interior of a cell other than the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

nucleus

A

internal organelle that contains the genetic material for cellular reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

mitochondria

A

“powerhouse of the cell”; a double-membrane organelle that produces the ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (membrane bound structure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

flat series of membrane layers that specializes in secretion of substances

21
Q

rough (granular) ER

A

has ribosomes on the surface for protein synthesis, molecules enter ER and are packed for secretion from the cell (neurotransmitter & hormones) (make & secrete proteins)

22
Q

smooth (agranular) ER

A

no ribosomes, used for sorting of molecules, specializes in lipid synthesis, calcium storage, makes lipids (steroids)

23
Q

Golgi complex

A

set of flat, stacked, membranous sacs that process raw material transported from the ER into finished products, sorts and directs the finished product to their final destination

24
Q

cytoplasmic vesicles

A

lysosomes, peroxisomes, transport vesicles

25
Q

lysosomes

A

contain enzymes that breakdown foreign invaders, other organelles, proteins, carbohydrate (CHO), some fats, serves for cell digestion & secretion

26
Q

peroxisomes

A

breakdown fatty acids & amino acids using oxidative enzymes (produces hydrogen peroxide)

27
Q

transport vesicles

A

used in storage & transport of substances

28
Q

cellular inclusions

A

non-membrane structures within the cytoplasm

29
Q

what are the cellular inclusions?

A

ribosomes, proteasome, vaults

30
Q

ribosomes

A

not membrane bound, granules of RNA and protein, translates mRNA into proteins

31
Q

proteasomes

A

small protein complex that destroys proteins

32
Q

vaults

A

small complex of RNA and proteins resembling octagonal barrels, exact function unclear (maybe related to movement around itself)

33
Q

what composes the cytoskeleton?

A

cytoplasmic protein fibers

34
Q

cytoplasmic proteins

A

assist eukaryotic cells in their overall shape, organization, transport and movement

35
Q

microfilaments

A

(actin & myosin) mechanical stiffener for microvilli, important in contractile systems

36
Q

microvili

A

finger like projections that increase the surface area of a cell

37
Q

contractile systems

A

muscle

38
Q

intermediate filaments

A

(myosin, keratin) structural support in cells subject to mechanical stress (very commonly found throughout body)

39
Q

microtubules

A

(tubulin) maintains cell shape, coordinate complex cellular movements and transport (largest of the three structures but form small tubes)

40
Q

microtubules also form…

A

centrioles, cilia, flagella

41
Q

centrioles

A

direct DNA movement during cell division

42
Q

cilia

A

hair-like, help push substances around

43
Q

flagella

A

found in sperm cells

44
Q

tight junctions

A

prevents passage between cells, found in epithelial cells

45
Q

adhering junctions (desmosome)

A

strong connection between cells subject to high mechanical stress, lock two cells together

46
Q

gap junction

A

special junction containing connexons that serve as conduits between cytoplasm of adjoining cells allowing the passage of small molecules

47
Q

which junction allows cells to communicate and how?

A

gap junction, allows cells to communicate by allowing passage of small molecules

48
Q

what is an example of a gap junction?

A

heart muscle

Human Physiology Bio 340 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions