chapter seven endocrine system

Question 1

hormone

Answer 1

chemical messengers secreted into the blood by specialized epithelial cells

Question 2

polar hormones

Answer 2

water-soluble, hydrophilic (peptides, catecholamines)

Question 3

non-polar hormones

Answer 3

lipid-soluble, hydrophobic (steroids, thyroid hormones)

Question 4

major classes of hormones

Answer 4

amines, peptides, steroids

Question 5

amines

Answer 5

derivates of tyrosine (thyroid hormones- T3 & T4, catecholamines- Epi, NorEpi, dopamine)

Question 6

peptides

Answer 6

AA chains / small peptides (insulin, glucagon)

Question 7

steroids

Answer 7

derivates of cholesterol, adrenal hormones & gonadal hormones

Question 8

adrenal hormones

Answer 8

mineralocorticoids (affect mineral metabolism) & glucocorticoids (affect glucose metabolism)

Question 9

gonadal hormones

Answer 9

testosterone, estradiol, progesterone

Question 10

goiter

Answer 10

enlargement of thyroid gland due to lack of iodine (don’t see this anymore due to adding iodine to salt)

Question 11

where is the only place in the body iodine is found?

Answer 11

thyroid

Question 12

hormonal transport

Answer 12

1. peptide & catecholamines
2. thyroid & steroids

Question 13

peptide & catecholamines hormonal transport

Answer 13

water soluble, easily transported in blood, easily degraded by enzymes (short half-life)

Question 14

thyroid & steroids hormonal transport

Answer 14

lipid soluble, small amounts free in plasma (mostly carried by transport proteins), not readily degraded by enzymes (long half-life), medication

Question 15

peptide & catecholamines hormonal action

Answer 15

must act on extracellular receptor, activating an enzyme or a second messenger system

Question 16

thyroid & steroids hormonal action

Answer 16

diffuse directly through membrane, alters transcription of DNA

Question 17

control of hormone secretion

Answer 17

change in plasma ion concentration, change in plasma nutrient concentration, neural input, (neuro) hormonal input

Question 18

change in plasma ion concentration

Answer 18

uses hormones to balance ions

Question 19

neural input

Answer 19

neural input causes secretion from a gland

Question 20

(neuro)hormonal input

Answer 20

(neuro)hormone stimulates the secretion of another hormone

Question 21

vasopressin

Answer 21

makes blood vessels constrict

Question 22

ADH- antidiuretic hormone

Answer 22

released when body senses blood pressure or water volumes are low, makes you stop peeing so you can keep the fluid in & blood pressure goes up

Question 23

oxytocin

Answer 23

hormone associated with the love hormones, usually created during sexual arousal & deals with reproduction in women

Question 24

tropic hormone

Answer 24

a hormone that stimulates the secretion of another hormone

Question 25

major hypophysiotropic hormones (hormones from the hypothalamus)

Answer 25

gonadotropin, thyrotropin, corticotropin releasing hormone

Question 26

major hormones of the anterior pituitary

Answer 26

follicle-stimulating, luteinizing, thyroid stimulating, adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 27

follicle-stimulating hormone

Answer 27

deals with the ovaries and testes for sperm & teste production and release of an egg

Question 28

adrenal gland

Answer 28

hypothalamus stimulated with blood glucose levels which releases hormone one (CRH), to ant. pit. releasing hormone two (ACTH), going to adrenal cortex releasing cortisol

Question 29

what is cortisol?

Answer 29

a glucocorticoid which regulates blood glucose levels