chapter ten

Question 1

visual imagery

Answer 1

seeing in the absence of a visual stimulus

Question 2

imagery extra notes

Answer 2

• form of elaboration
• recognition accuracy of images is higher than for words
• easier to remember words with high imagery potential

Question 3

imagery potential

Answer 3

• ease of generating an image
• high imagery potential for concrete objects
  low imagery potential for abstract concepts
• recall best for high-imagery paired-associates (i.e. chair-apple)

Question 4

mental chronometry

Answer 4

infer cognitive processes by measuring the time it takes to complete a cognitive task

Question 5

shepard and metzler

Answer 5

measured the time to mentally rotate objects to make a verification judgement (match/no match)

Question 6

mental scanning

Answer 6

• scanning a mental image
• visual scanning time for a picture is the same for an image of that picture

Question 7

elephant and rabbit (imagery and perception)

Answer 7

• faster to answer questions about an image when one imagines that it takes up most of their visual field
• faster to answer questions about the elephant when it’s the biggest in your image

Question 8

perky

Answer 8

mistake a dimly projected image as their mental image

Question 9

farah

Answer 9

participants are faster to detect target location when the target and mental image are matched

Question 10

imagery neurons

Answer 10

neurons in the visual cortex that fires when perceiving or imagining a specific object (i.e. a baseball)

Question 11

le bihan et al.

Answer 11

fMRI recordings reveal brain activity while perceiving and imagining

Question 12

topographic map

Answer 12

indicates that viewing small objects activates the back of the visual cortex vs larger objects that results in a spread of activity toward the front of the visual cortex

Question 13

evidence that imagery and perception share the same mechanisms

Answer 13

• imagery and perception reveal similar activity in the frontal lobe
• ablation of the visual cortex results in a decrease in image size
• difficulty with perception is associated with difficulty with creating images
• those with unilateral neglect will ignore objects in one half of the visual field (they also neglect one half of their mental iimage)

Question 14

evidence that imagery and perception involve different mechanisms

Answer 14

• perception is automatic and stable
• imagery takes effort and is fragile
• difficult to switch perceptions of an ambiguous image than picture
• dissociations between imagery and perception

Question 15

chalmers and reisberg

Answer 15

• difficult to switch perceptions of a mental image of an ambiguous figure
• i.e. the duck/rabbit ambiguous figure

Question 16

method of loci

Answer 16

• mnemonic involving mental image of a spatial layout
• memorize a familiar route (through your house)
• to remember a list of items, visualize item #1 at location #1, item #2 at location #2 etc.

Question 17

pegword technique

Answer 17

mental image of objects associated with a concrete word