Chapter Six Flashcards
- List two of the main functions of the Farm Animal Welfare Advisory Council.
Publish reports and opinions advising the minister on specific topics together with formal meetings with relevant authorities.
Provide a forum for different interest groups to meet, exchange divergent views and reach consensus on the broad mandate of challenges facing animal welfare.
Building relationships; all members have a common purpose and share the view that animal welfare is an issue of very high importance.
- What year were the Five Freedoms Developed in?
1992
- List two examples of good farm biosecurity
Prsent all bovine stock for testing in accordance with - Disease Eradication scheme requirements.
{Prepare an Animal Health Plan (ideally in collaboration with your vet/agricultural adviser). This plan should outline the key herd/flock treatments planned for the year.
Make boundary fences stock proof.
Keep water troughs acceptably clean.
Have foot dips for farm visitors.
Isolate sick animals if they have a contagious disease.
Have a parasite control programme in place pictures for worms in calves and lambs at grass.
Keep vermin and birds away from stored feed if practical.
- What is the Flight Zone in regards to animal behaviour
An animal’s personal space. If you invade the animal might attack or flee. Good practice to get animals used to people from an early age. The more you are around them the calmer they tend to be
- List two animal behaviour principals you would apply when moving and handling stock
Approach nervous/excitable animals from the side or at angle as they will not gauge how close you are from an angle.
Sticks are used to guide stock not beat them.
Allow animals to move at own pace. Don’t use excessive force (beat animals or have an untrained aggressive dog which causes the animal to panic).
Have adequate help available to move animals.
Cattle need to see where they are expected to move. Have lights on and clear corridors.
Easier to move animals in groups rather than singly.
There is always a leader animal in a group which other stock will follow.
Cattle move better on level ground.
Cattle move better on level ground.
Cattle will try to avoid dark buildings or passages.
Notice what animals are doing and how they are reacting; this will give you a clue as to what is disturbing them
- What age are dairy calves weaned off milk at?
6- 8 weeks.
- List two good weaning practices
Training calves to eat some meals before they are weaned. It is also useful to train calves to graze ahead of the cows in the weeks before weaning. This is called creep grazing.
Do not dehorn or castrate calves at weaning time. Leave a gap of about one month.
Do not take the calf abruptly off the cow and bring to the mart of the same day. This can cause major setbacks in calf performance and increase the risk of disease.
- If a farmer is moving his/her cattle less than kms or on their own they do not need a haulage license
Farmers moving there own animals can move them 65km without a haulage or transport licence.
- What are the housing requirements of Dairy calves in an individual calf pen?
1.1 times equal at least actual calf length ( 1.1 by nose to tail length)
- List the three categories of Cleanliness
Satisfactory.
Acceptable
Unacceptable.
- List two husbandry practices that should be undertaken to keep animals clean Pre Slaughter
Avoid unneccessary mixing of cattle groups.
Do not restrict water or starve cattle in the final 24 hours.
If straw is avaialble move very dirty cattle to straw bedding for final 2-3 weeks.
- List and describe the Five Freedoms
Freedom from thirst, hunger and malnutrition.
Freedom from discomfort
Freedom from pain, injury and disease.
Freedom from fear and distress.
Freedom to express normal patterns of behaviour.
What year was the Farm animal Welfare Advisory Council (FAWAC) set up?
2002
What are some principals of Animal behaviour and building design?
Fresh air is important. Have good ventilation.
Have plenty of natural light.
Cattle roads and pathways should have a smooth surface without sharp stones.
Animals must have enough lying space so that they all can lie down.
Animals must have enough feed trough space and trough design should allow animals to reach food easily.
Cubicle design and space should allow cows to get up, lie down comfortably and without risk of injurt.
HAndling units need careful design. It is easier to move cattle in a long narrow pen that a wide square one.
The entrance to the race/crushe should be funnel shaped.
What do Quality Assurance schemes concentrate?
Ability to recognise sickness, ill health or discomfort in stock.
Handle stock with minium of stress to the stock.
Basic husbandry skills to feed and manage stock.
What age would you wean a suckler calves?
Suckler calves are normally weaned at 7-9 months at age.
What is creep grazing?
Training calves to eat some meals before they are weaned. It is also useful to train calves to graze ahead of the cows in the weeks before weaning. This is called creep grazing.
What do good weaning practices do?
Reduce the risk of disease such as pneumonia.
Prevent major setbacks in growth or thrive at weaning.
What should farm facilities have?
Adequate lying ara, feed space, access to feed suitable feed barrier design, suitable ventilation.
Livestock sheds should have adequate artificial and natural light.
Shelter is not critical for adult animals but out wintered animals must be in a suitable environment and receive appropriate nutrition.
Water supply must be capable of meeting peak requirements for water. Water troughs should be inspected and cleaned as neccessary. Pipes protected from frost.
Floor sufraces should not have surfaces or projectiles that could injure animals.
For some quality assurances schemes farmers should have given some basic thought to handling emergencies such as time in cattle sheds, backup plans for feeding stock if the owner is incapacitated.
What is the max age limit a calf can be kept in an individual pen?
8 weeks of age.
What are the main factos that affect hide cleanliness?
Diet, housing, husbandry practices and transport.
Diet rules for cleanliness?
Feed driest best quality silage to finishing cattle
IF dung is loose withdraw roots & molasses in the final weeks before sale.
Do not make sudden changes to diet.
All concentrate finishing with straw gives cleaner cattle because of the drier diet.
Housing and cleanliness?
Overstocking in pens can lead to dirty cattle.
Observe guidelines on lying & feeding space.
In straw bedded houses provide enoug straw & bed regularly.
Empty tanks before slurry rise to slat level.
Maintain good ventilation in houses which will help keep cattle dry & clean.
Husbandry practices & cleanliness?
Dose cattle at risk of fluke & stomach worms.
Treat for deficiences (eg copper) or diseases (eg coccidiosis) that causes scouring.
Trim tails at housing
Transport & cleanliness?
Do not use sawdust to bed floors.
Avoid loading cattle if they are wet or in wet weather conditions.
Use partitions/dividers to cinfine cattle if trailers are not fun.
