Chapter Eight

Question 1

1. In terms of animal Remedies authorisation, what does VPA stand for? TSA & EMEA

Answer 1

Only authorised animals remedies may be placed on the market prior to the granting of the marketing authorization number?

VPA- Veterinary Product authorisation or equivalent number) A number to products by the health products regulatory authory (or equivalent) when the product is approved for sale and supply in Ireland).

TSA - Therapeutic Substances Act number: The TSA number was given to the vaccine product by the department of Agriculture when they were originally approved. This number is being replaced by the VPA number as products come up for review in the future.

EMEA - European Medicines Evaluation Agency) number: the EMEA assigns a number to the product when the product is approved for sale and supply in Europe. A VPA equivalent should also be available if product is sold in ireland.

Question 2

2. When using animal remedies, list two essential requirements of farmers.

Answer 2

Give correct dose.

Comply with withdrawl period stated for medicine.

Be very careful when treating dairy cows.

Animal remedies record must be kept up to date.

Be very careful when dosing or treating animals that are close to sale such as lambs or finishing cattle.

Question 3

3. True or false: if dose rate of medicine is too high, it can leave residues in meat/milk

Answer 3

True.

Question 4

4. Define the term Pesticide

Answer 4

Any substance or preparation or organism prepared or used to control or destroy any pest.

Question 5

5. List an example of a biocide

Answer 5

Includes dairy detergents, wood preservatives, masonry preservatives and rodenticides.

Question 6

6. List an example of Plant Protection Products

Answer 6

PPP used to protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, diseases or insects

Fungicides - to kill fungi
Herbicides to kill weeds and unwanted plants
Insecticides to kill bugs
Plant growth regulators to influence th way plants grow
Seed dressing seeds treated prior to planting
Molluscicdes to kill slugs and snails
Fumigants (gasesous pesticides that poison pests)

Question 7

7. List two pieces of information that must be recorded on the purchase of pesticides records

Answer 7

Name and address of supplier
Brand NAme
PCS numbr
Quantity
Date of receipt

Question 8

8. Describe 5 of the main requirements of a chemical store

Answer 8

Easy to lock securely. Nothing under than pesticides should be in the store.

Enough maximum amount of chemicals stored on the farm without piling containers on top of each other. Stored on shelves not floor.

Located away from fire risks. Kept away from inflammable materials.

It should frost proff, well lit and well ventilated.

Clearly labeledd as a pesticide store.

Stored in original packaging.

Emergency wash, a first aid kit and gire extingusher near by.

Question 9

9. List one way that pesticides should be separated

Answer 9

Flammable products separate from non flammable.
Powders stored above liquids
Water soluble packs kept away from sources of moisture
Obsolete pesticides labelled and segregated to prevent unintentional use.

Question 10

10. A First Aid Kit must be located no more than meters away from the pesticide store

Answer 10

10 metres

Question 11

11. What is a ‘’Professional user’’

Answer 11

Any person who applies/sprays professional use products regardless of quantity or method of application, including operators, technicians, employees and self employed person both in farming and other sectors.

Question 12

12. List two objectives of the Sustainable use directive

Answer 12

Reduce the risks and impacts of pesticide use on human health and the environment.

Promote the use of integrated pest management and of alternative approaches or techniques such as no chemical alternatives to pesticides.

Question 13

13. List two Golden Rules of safe pesticide use

Answer 13

Only use pesticides when necessary
Only use approved products
Store transport and use pesticides correctly
Always read and follow instructions
Use appropiate control measure including PPE gear
Keep detailed records of stock held and applications made
Follow the code of practice for using Plant protection products.

Question 14

14. Explain the term Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

Answer 14

Occurs when micro organisms adpts to drugs used to treat infections and therefore the medicicines used to treat these infections are no longer effective.

Question 15

15. List two factors that can increase the resistance to medicines

Answer 15

OVeruse of medicines
Incorrect use of medicines

Antibiotics kill mos tof the harmful bacteria but some resistant bacteria survive. They multiply and pass on resistant gene.

Question 16

16. Give one way to avoid the over use of medicines

Answer 16

Use good management practice to reduce disease risk. Cattle sheds should be well ventilated and overcrowding avoided.

Draw up a simple health herd plan for vaccinations and parasite control in your herd or flocl.

Keep calving and lambing areas freshly beeded and disinfected these areas when neccessary.

Move young stock to fresh grass regurlarly which help prevent pastures becoming heavily contaminated with worms.

Question 17

17. Describe Five of the Six R’s in detail (Long type Q)

Answer 17

Right veterinary diagnosis -accurate diagnosis by a vet is essential to identify if an animal is suffering from bacterial infection and requires an antibiotic to treat this infection

Right animal: Only animal with bacterial disease should be treated with antibiotic.

Right veterinary medicine: antibiotics should only be used when neccessary.

Right dose antibiotics should be adminstered as per instruction on prescription. Animal weights should be estimated as accurately as possible as under animals increases the developmet of resistance.

Right duration not finishing the prescribed course of tratmenet will not fully treat the disease and will accelerate the developmet of resistance to this antibiotic.

Right storage and disposal in order to maintain efficacy medicines should be stored according to the manufacturers instructions. All out of date medicines container and application equipment should be disposed of correctly. Antibiotics should not be disposed with domestic rubbish, poured down drain or toilet as this will lead to development of resistant bacteria.

Question 18

18. What is the minimum duration of time that Animal Remedy records must be available for

Answer 18

For a period of not less than three years.

Question 19

19. List two types of pesticide stock records that can be kept

Answer 19

(i) Full store records of purchases and withdrawals.

(ii) Based on stock taking after each phase of spraying is complete.

Question 20

What are some animal remedy storage requirements?

Answer 20

The medicine store should be large enough to hold all medicines. IT should be kept indoors and away from children. Should have a warning sign.

Not located in a located in direct sunlight or adjacent to any source of heat or cold.

Correct storage of animal medicines. Safe disposal of animal medicine.

Question 21

What are antimicrobials used for?

Answer 21

they are drugs used to treat infections in humans and animals. They work by killing micro organisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc) or stopping the growth of micro organisms that cause infections. They include medicicines such as antibiotics, antifungals and antivirals and are essential in protecting animal and human health as well as animal welfare.