Chapter One: Principles of Life

Question 1

What is biology?

Answer 1

Biology is the study of life and living organisms

Question 2

What are three common features of living organisms?

Answer 2

water, ions, carbon-based macromolecules

Question 3

What are the four carbon-based macromolecules

Answer 3

proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids

Question 4

What are cells?

Answer 4

are the basic structural and functional units of life

Question 5

What are the two main kinds of cells?

Answer 5

Prokaryotic, eukaryotic

Question 6

Can eukaryoric organisms unicellular, multicellular, or both?

Answer 6

Both

Question 7

How do cells reproduce? Why?

Answer 7

They reproduce by cell division and pass along a complete copy of their genome to each new cell

Question 8

Do all organisms come from pre-existing cells?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

Do all cells come from pre-existing cells

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Organisms need _____ and ____ to survive, move, grow, and reproduce

Answer 10

energy, raw materials

Question 11

Where do organisms get energy from

Answer 11

They obtain energy in the form of photons or electrons from their environment and transform it into other forms of energy

Question 12

What 4 nucleotides make up the genetic alphabet

Answer 12

A, G, C, T

Question 13

What is a genome?

Answer 13

All the genetic information of an organism

Question 14

What do boxes represent in a diagram of a biological system

Answer 14

components

Question 15

What do arrows represent in a diagram of a biological system

Answer 15

the processes by which components interact

Question 16

When does feedback occur?

Answer 16

When the rate of an early process is affected by the amount of a later product

Question 17

Which form of feedback speeds up an earlier process and which form of feedback slows down the process (positive vs. negative)

Answer 17

Positive feedback speeds up, negative feedback slows down

Question 18

Hierarchy of ecosystems

Answer 18

population, community, landscape, biosphere

Question 19

Deductive reasoning

Answer 19

used to create testable predictions from generalized to specific predictions

Question 20

Inductive reasoning

Answer 20

used to form a hypothesis; collects and analyzes many specific observations or data to create a generalization

Question 21

What are observations and facts used for

Answer 21

to formulate a hypothesis or otherwise construct a statement that explains observations and describes a natural component or process

Question 22

What does a hypothesis provide

Answer 22

the basis for designing experiments and making predictions about the outcome