CHAPTER ONE Definitions

Question 1

What is a noun?

Answer 1

A word that refers to a person, place, thing, idea

• can be subj of a sentence
• common/proper
• concrete (perceivable by physical senses) /abstract (not perceivable by senses - intangible)

Question 2

Concrete vs. Abstract Nouns

Answer 2

Concrete Nouns - names a person, place, thing, or idea that can be perceived by one or more of the senses

Abstract Nouns - names an idea, feeling, quality or characteristic that is not perceived by senses - intangible

Question 3

What are collective nouns?

Answer 3

A singular noun that names a group

ex. audience, batch, bouquet, bunch, flock

Question 4

What is a compound noun?

Answer 4

• two or more words that together names a person, place, thing, or idea
• can be written as one word, separate word, hyphenated word

Examples

One word → sidewalk, tablecloth, Greenland

Separate words → attorney general, telephone pole, Empire State Building

Hyphenated word → daughter - in - law, jack - o’ - lantern, great - grandfather

Question 5

Common vs. Proper Nouns

Answer 5

Common noun - names any one group of persons, places, things, or ideas (NOT CAPITALIZED (unless it is the first word in sentence))

Proper nouns - names a particular person, place, thing or idea (CAPITALIZED)

Question 6

What is a pronoun?

What is the word replaced by the pronoun called?

Answer 6

word used in place of one or more nouns or pronoun

The word replaced by the pronoun is called the antecedent

Question 7

What are Personal Pronouns?

Answer 7

• refers to the person speaking (first person)
• the one spoken to (second person)
• the one spoken about (third person)

Examples

First - I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours

Second - you, your, yours

Third - he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs

Question 8

Reflexive vs. Intensive Pronouns

Answer 8

Reflexive - refers to the subject of a sentence and functions as a complement or as an object of a preposition

Intensive - emphasizes its antecedent (the word (PRO/N) that the pronoun replaces)

Examples

First Person - myself, ourselves

Second Person - yourself, yourselves

Third Person - himself, herself, itself, themselves

Question 9

What are Demonstrative Pronouns?

List all

What can all demonstrative pronouns be?

Answer 9

• points out a specific person, place, thing, or idea

All Pronouns: this, that, these, those

Demonstrative pronouns may also function as demonstrative adjectives

PRO: Her best painting is this

ADJ: Her best painting is this (which one?) one

Question 10

What are interrogative pronouns?

List all

Answer 10

• pronoun that introduces the question

All PRO: what, which, who, whom, whose

Question 11

What are relative pronouns?

List all

Answer 11

• pronoun that introduces an adjective clause

All PRO: that, which, who, whom, whose

Question 12

What are indefinite pronouns?

Answer 12

• a pronoun that refers to a person, place, a thing, or an idea that may or may not be specifically named

Question 13

What is an adjective?

Answer 13

An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun. Modifying provides more information about the noun or pronoun.

Adjectives answer these questions;
What kind? Which one? How many? How much?

Typically precede the WTM

Question 14

What are articles?

What are they?

Answer 14

The most common ADJ’s are articles = a, an, the

a, an = indefinite articles

the = definite article

Question 15

What is a Proper Adjective?

Answer 15

• ADJ that is formed from a proper noun

Proper Nouns Proper ADJ

New Mexico New Mexican food

Islam Islamic teachings

Question 16

What is a Verb?

Action vs Linking Verb?

Answer 16

Word that;

• expresses action
• expresses a state of being

Action Verb - physical or mental activity

Linking Verb - equates a N/PRO to N/PRO/ADJ

1. N/PRO → N/PRO/ADJ (→ = form of to be)
2. “To Be” Test

Question 17

List some forms of “To be”?

Where is this helpful?

Answer 17

This can help us determine if a verb is a linking verb.

Question 18

What is a verbal phrase? What does is consist of?

What is a main verb?

What is a helping verb?

Answer 18

A verbal phrase has at least one main verb and one or more helping verbs

Main verb is the main action of the sentence

Helping verbs provide more info to the main verb

Question 19

What is a modal?

Answer 19

A modal is a helping verb that s joined with a main verb usually expressing necessity or possibility

Ex. Must have, may need

Question 20

What is a transitive verb? What is the test?

What is an intransitive verb?

Answer 20

Transitive Verb

• has an OB (tells who/what recieves the action)
• will always be action

TEST: N/PRO + V + What

if = N/PRO then it is a transitive verb

if does not equal N/PRO then it is not a transitive verb

Intransitive (Linking) Verb

• does not have an OB (tells who/what recieves the action)

Question 21

What is an adverb?

Answer 21

An adverb modifies a verb, adjective or another adverb.

It tells

how?

when?

or to what extent/how much or how long?

Sentences can begin with adverbs; WHERE are you going (where modifies the verb going)

Question 22

What are the prepositions beginning with a?

Answer 22

About
Above
Across
After
Against
Along
Among
Around
As
At

Question 23

What are the prepositions beginning with b?

Answer 23

Before
Behind
Below
Beneath
Beside
Between
Behind
But (meaning expect)
By

Question 24

What are the prepositions beginning with d, e, f?

Answer 24

Down
During
Except
For
From

Question 25

What are prepositions Starting with i, l, n, o, p, s

Answer 25

In
Inside
Into
Like
Near
Of
Off
On
Out
Outside
Over
Past
Since

Question 26

What are prepositions starting with t, u, w?

Answer 26

Through
Throughout
To
Toward
Under
Underneath
Until
Unto
Up
Upon
With
Within
Without

Question 27

What is the definition of a preposition?

Preposition vs Adverb?

Answer 27

A preposition shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun, called the object of the preposition, to another word.

Prepositions take an object

Adverbs do not take an object and only modify

Question 28

What is the definition of a coordinating conjunction?

List them

What is the definition of a correlative conjunction?

List them

Answer 28

Coordinating Conjunction: joins word or word groups that are used in the same way

LIST; F (for) A (and) N (nor) B (but) O (or) Y (Yet) S (so)

Correlative Conjunctions: pair of conjunctions that joins words or word groups used in the same way

LIST: both…and either…or neither….nor

not only…..but (also) wether….or

Question 29

What is the definition of an interjection?

Answer 29

An interjection expresses emotion and has no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence

Ex: ah, hey, oops, aha, oh, uh-oh, ouch, well, whew, wow