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STS Prelims > Chapter I > Flashcards

Chapter I Flashcards

1
Q

A system of classifying ancient ages into groups based on tool developmental stages

A

Three-age system

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2
Q

Period of scientific intellectual achievements that contributed to essential changes in scientific investigations.

A

Scientific Revolution

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3
Q

The period characterized by the change from traditional industry to an economy that is founded on computerization of information.

  • also known as the Digital age
A

Information Age

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4
Q

In the early 19th century who introduced the three-age system

*Archaeologist

A

Christian Jurgensen Thomsen

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5
Q

What book did Christian Jurgensen Thomsen curated that can be found in the National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen.

*Meaning Guide to Scandinavian Antiquity

A

Ledetraad til Nordisk Oldkyndighed Oldkyndighed

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6
Q

What are the 3 chronological prehistoric periods

A

Stone age
Bronze age
Iron age

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7
Q

The period of weapons made of stone, wood, bone or some other materials aside from metals.

A

Stone Age (2.5 mya - 3000 BC )

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8
Q

Who subdivided the stone age into 2 parts Paleolithic and Neolithic periods

Presented in 1865 book “Prehistoric Times”

A

John Lubbock

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9
Q

In 1883 who suggested the transitional period between the two periods (Paleolithic and Neolithic) after the discovery of many stone tool deposits overlying those from Paleolithic Period.

A

De Mortillet

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10
Q

In 1882 who termed the late paleolithic period to early Neolithic Period to MESOLITHIC

A

John Allen Brown

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11
Q

Is known as the longest phase of human history wihich began 2.5 mya and ended between 40,000-10,000 yrs ago.

A

Paleolithic Period (Old Stone)

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12
Q

It was during this period where humans were suggested to evolve to an aped like creature (Homo Sapiens)

They were hunter-gatherers using tools made of stoned and flint, bones.

A

Paleolithic Period

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13
Q

The earliest Paleolithic Period marked the age of human evolution and was characterized by the development of simple tools.

A

Lower Paleolithic Period

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14
Q

Stone choppers believed to be made by our EARLIEST ancestors

*Found in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

A

Australopithecus

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15
Q

Encompassed the CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT involving another early human ancestor, the NEANDERTHAL man, who existed 40,000-100,000 yrs ago

A

Middle Paleolithic Period

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16
Q

Were cavemen to use FIRE, stone tools, of flake types for hunting,

A

Neanderthals

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17
Q

This period was known for COMMUNAL HUNTING, extensive fishing, supermatural beliefs, cloth sewing, painting, sculpture, etc.

*Dominated by the homo sapiens group

*Obsidian Projectile and blades

A

Upper Paleolithic Period

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18
Q

The first manmade dwellings were also built in the Upper Paleolithic Period.

A

Pit houses

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19
Q

Occuring between the end of Paleolithic period and the beginning of Neolithic period.

*Involved the gradual change in the way humans lived that could be attributed to the retreat of glaciers and growth of forests and deserts in different parts of the world.

A

Mesolithic Period (Middle Stone)

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20
Q

This stage of cultural amd technological development was based primarily on agriculture.

It is characterized by wide domestication of plants.

A

Neolithic Period (New Stone)

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21
Q

Copper and bronze tools, potter’s wheel

A

Bronze Age

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22
Q

Iron tools

A

Iron Age

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23
Q

Started when tools and weapons were already widely made with copper or bronze

Discovered by the Sumerians and Mesopotamia in smelting bronze

A

Bronze Age (3000BC-1200BC)

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24
Q

A civilization in India was a large early trading center. Bronze tools, weapons, statuary, etc.

A

Indus Valley (2500 BC)

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25
Q

These people from China used bronze tools that lived from around 3000 BC - 2400 BC

A

Longshan People

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26
Q

The shang dynasty of China used bronze regularly. They even set up bronze-working communities. Around 1200 BC.

A

Yellow River Valley (1700 BC or so)

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27
Q

Located in present day Greece, used bronze until about 1100 BC

A

Mycenaean Civilization (1650 BC)

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28
Q

This began when smelting pits made sufficient advancement to produce higher temperatures that could smelt iron ore.

A

Iron Age (1500 BC-1400 AD)

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29
Q

This period began in 450 AD and lasted until 1450 AD.

It is subdivided into two smaller ages
*Dark Ages (450-1000 AD)
*High middle Ages (1000-1450 AD)

A

Middle Ages

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30
Q

Was thrived in by three groups
*Mayan
*Aztec
*Incas

A

Pre Columbian America

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31
Q

This period refers to the great scientific intellectual achievements that led to radical changes in scientific inquiries.

A

Scientific Revolution (1440 - 1690 AD)

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32
Q

This describes the sun as the center of the universe, and that the earth snd other planets revolve around it

A

Universe Model (Nicholas Copernicus)

33
Q

This states that all planets revolve around the sun in elliptical, not circular, orbits, and that closer planets to the sun move faster than the others

A

Law of Planetary motion (Johannes Kepler)

34
Q

This involves the discovery of the relations among distance, velocity, accelaration, and the law of inertia.

A

Work of Motion (Galileo Galilei)

35
Q

discovered the Law of motion

A

Isaac Newton

36
Q

This law states that a particle in the universe attracts every other universal particle using a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely to the square of the distance between their centers.

A

Law of Universal Gravitation (Isaac Newton)

37
Q

Generally covers the complex TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS that led to the substition of machines and inanimate power of for human skill.

A

Industrial Revolution (1750 - 1895 AD)

38
Q

During this era, the connection between science and technology was VERY MINIMAL.

This gradually shifted to developmental stage

A

18th to 19th Century

39
Q

During this era science and technology had structurally and methodologically changed. A number of scientific theories were introduced and had influenced technological works in this century.

A

20th century to date

40
Q

The period of human history typically decribed by the change from traditional industry to an economy based on information computerization.

A

Information Age

41
Q

During this time when PRINTING PRESS was not yet around , information could be processed in a tedious manner.

  • Books were written and produced by hand

*They were made in surfaces of clay, wax, papyrus, and parchment.

A

Pre-Gutenberg World

42
Q

It began with the introduction of printing, specifically the movable one, by GUTENBERG.

A

The Gutenberg Revolution

43
Q

It means “Cradle or birthplace”

A

Incunabala

44
Q

This era can be described as the emergence of the internet and the WWW.

A

The Post-Gutenberg World

45
Q

Computers, cell phones, computer printers, digital cameras, etc. are now readily available to pass information.

A

The Rise of Digital age

46
Q

Discovered by CHARLES BABBAGE were designed to simply compute mathematical calculations.

A

Computers

47
Q

Developed in California in the late 1960s was mostly used by scientists to communicate with other scientists.

*Creators are Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn

A

Internet

48
Q

Discovered by Sir Tim Berners Lee

*For commercial purposes

A

World Wide Web (WWW)

49
Q

Communication was made easier through___________

*Claimed by V.A. Shiva Ayyadurai

A

Email or Electronic mail

50
Q

Is a social networking website where people could contact one another and meet online to share each other’s thoughts.

*Mark Zucherberg

*Launched in Feb 4, 2004

A

Facebook

51
Q

Created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone and Evan Williams

*Is another networking website where people post and interact with messages or “Tweets”

A

Twitter

52
Q

Is the largest online destination and the third most visited website.

*Chad Hurley and Steve Chen

A

Youtube

53
Q

Larry Page and Sergey Brin

*Offers a variety of features beyond searching for words

  • It is now the most used search engine in the worldwide web.
A

Google

54
Q

This can be used to enhance and give style to your photo which can later be shared with others using the same application

  • Created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Kieger in Oct. 2010
A

Instagram

55
Q

extraction of metal from
ore originally done with copper

A

Smelting

56
Q

blending copper and tin

A

Bronze

57
Q

Diffused in different regions slowly to
North Africa, and then to sub-Saharan
Africa

A

Iron age

58
Q

Paper, seismograph,
animal harness,
water-power, mechanical
clock, hydraulic works,
wheel borrow, gun
powder, printing press,
compass

A

China (Middle Age)

59
Q

Feudal system developed

Catholic schools,
universities established
Horse-collar, clock/watch,
magnetic compass,
water-mill, windmill,
lenses, cannon
Superstition and
dogmatism flourished
Medical therapy involved
magic, prayer, charms,
faith healing and herbs

A

Middle Age in Europe

60
Q

Mathematics, and medical
advancements
Medical was naturally
based and not supernatural
Metallurgy developed

A

India

61
Q

Pyramids made of
limestones

Houses were made of
poles and leaves

Cocoa beans were used as
monetary units

A

Mayan

62
Q

Mayan calendar developed
with 365 days with 18
months of 20 days

Mathematics, astronomy
developed

A

Mayan

63
Q

High temples were built
for their deities

Aztec calendar was
developed with 365 days
for 18 months

A

Aztec

64
Q

Farming was practiced in
terraced field with canals
for irrigation

Chili and avocado widely
cultivated

A

Incas

65
Q

Clothes from llama and
alpaca wools

Incas calendar was
developed with 365 days

A

Incas

66
Q

18th to 19th Century

Cell or Battery

A

Alessandro Volta

67
Q

18th to 19th Century

Negative and Positive Charges

A

Benjamin Franklin

68
Q

18th to 19th Century

Discovered of Cell

A

Robert Hooke

69
Q

18th to 19th Century

X-ray

A

Wilhelm Roentgen

70
Q

18th to 19th Century

Atomic Theory

A

John Dalton

71
Q

18th to 19th Century

Theory of Evolution

A

Charles Darwin

72
Q

20th Century to Date

Theory of Relativity

A

Albert Einstein

73
Q

20th Century to Date

Big Bang Theory

A

Georges Lemaitre

74
Q

20th Century to Date

Dna Structure

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

75
Q

20th Century to Date

Nuclear Fission

A

Otto Han

76
Q

20th Century to Date

Paper Chromatography

A

Mikhail Tsvet

77
Q

20th Century to Date

Continental Drift Theory

A

Alfred Wegener

78
Q

In the Gutenberg Revolution books were initially written in?

A

Latin

STS Prelims (5 decks)

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