Chapter Four Muscular System Test Review Flashcards
3 types of tissue
Skeletal smooth and myocardial
Is the skeletal tissue striated
Yes
Is the smooth tissue striated
No
Is the myocardial tissue striated
No
Which tissues are voluntary or involuntary
Skeletal- voluntary
Smooth and myocardial- involuntary
Define muscle fibers
Long slender cells that make up muscles
Define fascia
Sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports and separates muscles or a group of muscles
Define tendons
Narrow band of nonelastic dense fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Define the aponeurosis
A sheetlike fibrous connective tissue that resembles a flattened tendon that serves as fascia to bind muscles together or as a means of connecting muscle to bone
Term for study of muscular activity with resulting bodyparts movement
Kinesiology
How do antagonistic muscle pairs work
They work in opposition
How do muscles relax and contract. Describe length and shape of the muscle
As muscle contract they become shorter causing the belly(center) of the muscle to enlarge
As muscles relax they return to original state of being longer, thinner, and belly is no longer enlarged
Define muscle tone/tonus
State of balanced muscle tension that makes normal posture, coordination, and movement possible
Whats muscle innervation
The simulation of a muscle by a nerve
What happens when innervation stops
The muscle relaxes
What happens if the nerve impulse is interrupted due to injery or pathology of the nervous system
The muscle is unable to function correctly and can be paralized and unable to contract
ROM
Range of motion
Name some health care workers who may perform ROM
Exercise physiologist and sports medicine physician
Flexion
Decreasing angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint
Extension
Increasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint
Supination
Rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of hand or sole of foot is pointing upward or turned forwrd
Pronation
Rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of hand or sole of foot is turned downward or backward
Elevation
Raising or lifting a body part
Dorsiflexion
Bends foot upward or towards the ankle
Plantar flexion
Bends the foot downward at the ankle
Rotation
Circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint
Circumduction
Circular movement of limb at far end
Which muscle raises the corner of mouth
Levator anguli oris
Which muscle lowers corner of mouth
Depressor anguli oris
Where is the rotator cuff
Shoulder
What does the rotator cuff do
Hold head of humerus in place securely as it rotates
Dorsiflexion of the foot
Bends foot upward at ankle
Plantar flexion of the foot
Bends foot downward at the ankle
Differentiate muscle origin and insertion
Muscle origin is the less moveable attachment and is where the muscle begins
Muscle insertion is the moveable attachment and where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon
Example of circumduction
Rotator muscle
Muscles named for action
Flexor carpi muscles and extensor carpi muscles
5 functions of the muscular system
>movement and hold body erect >digestion >generates heat >aids blood flow >moves fluid through ducts and tubes for other body systems
