Ch. 2 Test Flashcards
Muscular distrophy
Group of genetic diseases marked by progressive weakness of skeletal muscle fibers
Sickle cell anemia
Misshapen cells produce abnormal hemoglobin in the RBC’s
Cystic fibrosis
Disorder of the exocrine glands
Tray-sachs disease
Marked by varying degrees of mental retardation and physical abnormalities
Phenylketonuria
Essential digestive enzyme is missing; may be detected by blood test at birth; if undetected or untreated mental retardation occurs
A hereditary disease
Disease marked by progressive physical degeneration, mental retardation and early death
Hemophilia
Hereditary bleeding disorder caused by a missing blood clotting factor. Passed from mother to son
Huntingtons disease
Signs and symptoms appear midlife; there is irreversible and progressive loss of muscle control and mental ability. Caused by dominant gene
Nosocomial infection
Hospital acquired infection. Was not present at admission but appeared 72+ hrs. After admission
Idiopathic
Disease with no known cause
Iatrogenic
Disease caused by the doctor or as part of the treatment
Organic disorder
Pathological physical changes that explain a patients signs and symptoms
Functional disorder
No pathological physical changes to explain the patients signs and symptoms
Mesentary
Layer of peritoneum that suspends part of the intestines within the abdominal cavity
Anomaly
Any deviation from what is regarded as normal
Where embryonic cells are found and why Theyre valuable
Found in the cord blood from the umbilical cord and placenta of newborn infants
How many chromosomes are in most cells? Gamete cells?
23 pairs and 23 single cells
Congenital
Present at birth
Gerontologist
A physician that specializes in care of old people
Cerebral palsy
Result of brain damage andnis a congenital condition caused by birth injury
Physiology
Study of the functions of the body (how it works)
Anatomy
Study of the structures of the body(what it looks like)
Four major tissues
- epithelial
- connective
- muscular
- nervous
Aplasia
Failure of an organ or tissue
Dysplasia
Enlargement of an organ or tissue by the proliferation of cells of an abnormal type
Anaplasia
Change in structure of cells in their orientations to one another
Hyperplasia
Enlargement of an organ or tissue because of abnormal number of cells
Hypoplasia
Incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to deficiency in number of cells
Glands produce what?
Secretions and hormones
Etiology
Study of the causes of disease
Retroperitoneal
Behind the peritoneum
Blood borne transmission
Diseases such as HIV, HBV, and HCV are spread through contact with contaminated blood or body fluids
Contaminated
The HCW’s hands or med equipment could possibly have the presence of an infectious agent
Communicable disease
Diseases that may be transmitted from one person to another by direct contact with blood or body fluids
Organ
Somewhat dependent part of the body that performs a special function or functions
Airborne transmission
Disease spread by respiratory droplets
Fecal-oral transmission
Food and waterborne transmission of diseases
Epidemiologist
Specialist who studies epidemics, endemics, and pandemics
Frontal plane
Divides body into front and back
Transverse plane
Divides body into upper and lower parts
Midsagital
Divides body into equal right and left parts
Proximal
Close to point of origin
Superior
Above
Lateral
To the side
Dorsal
To the back
Caudal
Towards the “tail”
Ceohalic
Towards the head
Ventral
To the front
Inferior
Below
Distal
Located most distant from point of origin
Medial
Towards the middle
Another name for coronal plane
Frontal plane
What divides the thoracic and abdominal cavity?
Diaphragm
Genetic disorder known as tristomy 21?
Down’s syndrome
Congenital disorder
Abnormal condition present at birth
Birth injuries
Malformation that occurs because of difficult labor and/or delivert
Prenatal influence
A malformation occurs because of mom’s smoking/alchohal/drug abuse
