Chapter Four Flashcards
Vocal element of verbal communication is
Spoken words
Paralanguage
Vocal element of nonverbal communication
-vocalized but not verbal part
-speaking rate, volume and pitch
Non vocal element s
Include using unspoken symbols to convey meaning
-writing and ASL
Nonverbal communication conveys
Important interpersonal and emotional messages
Nonverbal communications is more ____ than ____
Involuntary than verbal
Complementing
Defined as nonverbal behaviour combined with the verbal portion of a message to emphasize the meaning of the entire message
Accenting
Form of nonverbal communication that emphasizes a word or a part of a message
Pitch
Helps cue others in our conversational intentions
-rising, questions
Leave taking behaviours
Stepping away from the speaker
-checking watch or phone, packing up belongings
Deception
Typically thought of as the intentional act of altering information to influence another person
Relational indicators
Cues that communicate intimacy and signal the connection between two people
-wedding rings, tattoos
Immediacy behaviours
Verbal and nonverbal behaviours that lessen the real or perceived physical and psychological distance
-smiling, nodding, eye contact
Implicit norms or explicit rules can affect
How we nonverbally present ourselves
Kinesics
Refers to the study of hand, arm, body and face movements
Three main types of gestures
Adaptors, emblems and illustrators
Adaptors
Are touch behaviours and movements that indicate internal states typocall related to aroulsal or anxiety
Emblems
Gestures with a specific agreed upon meaning, bound by culture
Illustrators
The most common gestures to illlustraye the verbal messages they accompany but cannot stand independtly
-subconscious
-gestures while on phone —> no one can see you
Four general human postures
Standing, sitting, squatting and lying down
SURETY model
S-sit at an angle to the client, non confrontational
U- uncross legs and arms, show non defensiveness
R- Relax
E- eye contact
T- touch, conveys caring and empathy
Y- your intuition
Core group of facial expressions
Happiness, sadness, fear, anger and disgust
Facial expressions
Help set the emotional tone when speaking in front of others
Haptics
The study of communication by touch
Vocalics
The study of paralnguage including the coral qualities accompanying verbal messages
-pitch, volume and intestiy, rate, vocal quality, verbal fillers
Pitch
Convey meaning, regulate conversational flow, communicate the intensity of a message
Volume or intensity
How loudly or softly an individual speaks
Speaking rate
How fast or slow a person speaks, shows emotional state, credibility and intelligence
Tone of voice
Controlled by pitch, volume and emphasis
-each voice has a distinct quality know as vocal signature
Verbal fillers
Sounds that fill gaps in our speech as we think about what to say next
Proximics
Refers to the study of how space and distance influence communication
Public space
3 meters
-least personal of the four spaces
Social space
1-3 meters
-neither intimate nor public
Personal and intimate space
1.5 meters
Intimate space
Less than 1 meter
Territoriality
Innate drive to take up and defend spaces
Primary territories
Claim to space is official
-understood exclusively as ours and under our control
Secondary territories
Do not belong to us and are not exclusively under our control
Public territories
Are open to all people
-everyone can use for limited period, but space is often up for grabs
Chronemics
Refers to the study of how time affects communication
Personal presentation
Involves physical characteristics and the artifacts we adorn and surround ourselves with
