Chapter Four

Question 1

Actual yield

Answer 1

The amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction.

Question 2

alkanes

Answer 2

Hydrocarbons in which the carbon atoms are all linked together by single bonds.

Question 3

fuel additives

Answer 3

Substance added to gasoline or other fuels, typically intended to improve performance or reduce exhaust emissions.

Question 4

hydrocarbons

Answer 4

organic compounds that consist entirely of hydrogen and carbon

Question 5

indicator

Answer 5

A dye added to a titration to show when a reaction is complete.

Question 6

limiting reactant

Answer 6

The reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction.

Question 7

isomers

Answer 7

Compounds having the same molecular formula but in which the atoms are arranged differently.

Question 8

oxygenated fuel

Answer 8

Blend of gasoline or other fuel to which oxygen-containing additives such as methanol, ethanol, or MTBE have been added to reduce undesirable exhaust emissions.

Question 9

percentage yield

Answer 9

The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield in a particular chemical reaction, expressed as a percentage.

Question 10

side reactions

Answer 10

Any reaction that leads to products other than those desired in an industrial or laboratory synthesis.

Question 11

theoretical yield

Answer 11

The hypothetical maximum amount of product that can be obtained in a chemical reaction under ideal conditions.

Question 12

titration

Answer 12

Process whereby a solution-phase reaction is carried out under controlled conditions using a known amount of one reactant so that the amount of the other reactant can be determined with high precision.