Chapter Five-Sections two and three

Question 1

What does it mean if you perceive a scene

Answer 1

You are perceiving a group of objects

You act within a Scene

ex. a classroom

Question 2

What does it mean to perceive an object?

Answer 2

Something you act upon

Make up a scene

ex. a marker in a classroom

Question 3

what is serial processing

Answer 3

processing an object one at a time

very time consuming

Question 4

gist

Answer 4

general idea

ex. deciding if a tv show is for you, based on seeing a very short clip

Question 5

if you were exposed to an image for a quarter of a second, is it likely that you would be able to identify a target image?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

What does the term ‘masked’ mean?

Answer 6

when an image is flashed to stimulate the retina after the target photo was shown

Question 7

what is the purpose of masking the target photo?

Answer 7

to make sure that we only see the target image for a set period of time

Question 8

What can be identified when a photo is flashed for 27ms?

Answer 8

Overall lighting- light and dark bits

obvious angles

Question 9

What can be identified when a photo is flashed for 40ms?

Answer 9

Shape info–> mostly guessing accurately

overall lighting

Question 10

What can be identified when a photo is flashed for 67ms?

Answer 10

things the visual system is an expert at identifying- large objects

Question 11

What can be identified when a photo is flashed for 500ms?

Answer 11

Detailed info–> small objects

Question 12

How are we able to perceive the gist of scenes so easily?

Answer 12

we make use of environmental regularities to obtain global image features

Question 13

what makes up the gist of an image

Answer 13

the degree of: naturalness, openness, roughness, expansion. and color

Question 14

Define global image features

Answer 14

holistic and rapidly perceived, do NOT depend on perception of small details, recognition, separating objects from each other

Question 15

Define and give an example of physical regularities

Answer 15

limited by physical rules and are very reliable because objects do not break laws of physics.

ex. Light from above heuristic

Question 16

Explain the light from above heuristic?

Answer 16

the assumption that light only comes from above bc of the sun and many household light sources emit light from the ceiling

Question 17

Why are humans better at perceiving than robots?

Answer 17

Perceptual systems have adapted to environmental characteristics such as the orientation of the sun

humans are able to make assumptions on what type of objects are present in contexts

Question 18

Define Selective Attention

Answer 18

Focusing on specific objects and ignoring others

Question 19

Define and give an example of Overt Attention

Answer 19

paying attention to something while looking at it
ex. making eye contact with someone while talking

Question 20

Define and give an example of Covert attentions

Answer 20

Paying attention while not looking at something, use of peripheral vision
ex. deeking someone out while playing a sport

Question 21

When listening to a different conversation in each ear, how do we make sense of what is going on?

Answer 21

We pay attention to one conversation, we do this by filtering out the other conversation. this is at the expense of not being able to report the content being played or if words were repeated.