Chapter Five: Organization Of Behavior: Neural And Hormonal Control Flashcards
Neural centers that evaluate input and turn other centers on or off
Command centers
3 things that affect command centers
- Neural pathways
- Clocks
- Hormones
Neural mechanisms give ____ control
Immediate
Control command centers over time (daily, seasonal)
Clocks
Often the activating trigger that affects a command center
Hormones
Neural pathways balance incoming ___ and ___ signals
Excitatory and inhibitory
What is the excitatory signal for blowfly feeding?
Stepping in sugar
What is the inhibitory signal for blowfly feeding?
Stretched out crop
What happens if the recurrent nerve is a blowfly is cut
The fly never stops feeding
Which nerve controls the inhibitory signal to stop feeding in blowfly’s
Recurrent nerve
At first, a male dove displays aggressive strutting that is driven by ___
Testosterone
Enzyme that converts testosterone into estrogen
Aromatase
The calmer, tail-up display in male doves is driven by ___
Estrogen
Why do animals need clocks to control command centers
Priorities change from day to night and season to season
Internally driven clock, innate, based on genes
Free running cycle
An internal starting point reset by external cues, a free running cycle that has been altered by environmental cues to make it better
Entrained cycle
Neural messages are translated into hormonal messages that then initiate ____
A physiological response
Male mice kill pups they come across, but they stop killing them ____
3 weeks after they mate
The gestation period for mice is _____
3 weeks
Why is it adaptive for male mice to stop killing pups three weeks after they mate?
3 weeks is the gestation period, so pups they run into three weeks after they mate could be their own
What is the cue that controls the timing of mice infanticide
Photoperiod and hormones
A decrease in ____ leads to the infanticidal behavior in mice
Progesterone
Make quail stare at and are very to the female they mate with, what drives this behavior?
Estrogen that is converted by aromatase from testosterone
Four effects of testosterone
- Promotes sperm production
- Activates sexual behavior
- Suppresses immune system
- Stimulates aggressive behavior
Testosterone is high during mating and low at other times, most common mating type
Associated
Mating type in which testosterone does not coincide with mating
Dissociated
Male red garter snakes exhibit ____ mating type
Dissociated
Male red garter snakes emerge from hibernation ready to ___
Mate immediately
The activational cue for male garter snakes to mate is ____
Temperature
The activational cue for male garter snakes to mate is also the cue for them to ____
Emerge from hibernation
Removal of the _______ of garter snakes causes then not to mate
Pineal gland (detects temperature)
Because testosterone increases aggression, why would it not be adaptive for testosterone to peak right before garter snakes go into hibernation?
High aggression while packed into a tight space with other males could result in fights
Why do males need to be ready to mate immediately after they come out of hibernation
The summer is short in Canadian north, so in order for the babies to have enough time to grow and prepare for the next hibernation, the males need to be ready to mate immediately
Five natural selection scenario categories
- Natural variation
- Heritable
- Selective advantage
- Differential survival and/or reproductive success
- Explain over multiple generations
