chapter eight: choosing where to live Flashcards
organisms have a ____ where they survive best
preferred habitat
hedgerow birds will move to ____ areas when available
woodland
a habitat in which the population is growing
source habitat
a habitat in which the population is shrinking
sink habitat
better competitors get the ___ habitats
source
how does game theory apply to source and sink habitats
if the source habitat is full, it may be beneficial for an individual to live in the sink habitat instead
any area the animal might inhabit during the year
home range
where the animal spends most of its time
core area
an are actively defended by an animal
territory
four important factors when looking for a habitat
- food
- predators
- mating
- proximity to relatives
a territory that is just defended for mating purposes
lek
territory is defended for ____ to the resources in that area
exclusive access
territory is defended against ____
conspecifics
when does territoriality pay off?
when benefit outweighs cost
benefits of territoriality
exclusive control of resources
mate attraction
can actually decrease fighting
costs of territoriality
energy
lower immunity from high testosterone
increased vulnerability to predators
the ____ may chase off a rival every minute
surgeonfish
three reasons that resident of the territory almost always wins challenges
- resident is the more fit individual
- payoff asymmetry
- dear enemy hypothesis
damsel fly residents typically have a ___ fat content than competitors
higher
payoff asymmetry states that
the benefit of owning a territory changes over time
when resident butterfly is young, fights are ___; when he is older, fights are ___. why?
short
longer and harder
he has more to lose as he ages
the dear enemy hypothesis states that
a stronger defense response to territorial intrusions occur against strangers rather than against neighbors
Bradley’s flat lizards have ___ with neighbors
truces
fiddler crabs have ____ with neigbors
mutual defense
non-territorial individuals that live on the fringes
floaters
the floater behavior may be ___ or ___
conditional or hereditary
a floater that will take a territory when one comes available
conditional
a floater that will always be a floater even if a territory becomes available
hereditary
what is an honest signal is red-shouldered widow birds
how red their shoulders are
the reproductive success for hereditary floaters compared to residents is ___
the same
the reproductive success for conditional floaters is ___ than residents
lower
