Chapter Five - Human Movement Science

Question 1

BioMechanics

Answer 1

The Science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effect produced by these forces.

Question 2

Superior

Answer 2

Positioned above a point of reference.

Question 3

Inferior

Answer 3

Positioned below a point of reference.

Question 4

Proximal

Answer 4

Positioned nearest the center of the body, or a point of reference.

Question 5

Distal

Answer 5

Positioned farthest from the center of the body or a point of reference.

Question 6

Anterior

Answer 6

On the front of the body.

Question 7

Posterior

Answer 7

On the back of the body.

Question 8

Medial

Answer 8

Positioned near the middle of the body.

Question 9

Lateral

Answer 9

Positioned toward the outside of the body.

Question 10

Contralateral

Answer 10

Positioned on the opposite side of the body.

Question 11

Ipsilateral

Answer 11

Positioned on the same side of the body.

Question 12

Anatomic Position

Answer 12

The position with the body erect, arms at the sides, palms facing forward. The base for all anatomic terminology.

Question 13

Sagittal Plane

Answer 13

And imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves. Movements occurring in the sagittal plan include flexion and extension.

Question 14

Flexion

Answer 14

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.

Question 15

Extension

Answer 15

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.

Question 16

Hyper Extension

Answer 16

Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.

Question 17

Frontal Plane

Answer 17

And imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves. Movements occurring in the frontal plane include Abduction and Adduction.

Question 18

Abduction

Answer 18

A movement in the frontal plane, away from the midline of the body.

Question 19

Adduction

Answer 19

A movement in the frontal plane, toward the midline of the body.

Question 20

Transverse Plane

Answer 20

And imaginary bisector that divides the body into upper and lower halves. Movement occurring in the transverse plane includes Internal/External Rotation and Horizontal Abduction/Adduction.

Question 21

Internal Rotation

Answer 21

Rotation for a joint toward the midline of the body. Occurs in the transverse plane.

Question 22

External Rotation

Answer 22

Rotation of a joint away from the midline of the body. Occurs in transverse plane.

Question 23

Horizontal Abduction

Answer 23

Movement of the arm or thigh, from and anterior position, to a lateral position. Transverse plane.

Question 24

Horizontal Adduction

Answer 24

Movement of the arm or thigh from a lateral position to an anterior position. Transverse plane.

Question 25

**Scapular Retraction**

Answer 25

Adduction of the scapulae shoulder blades. Shoulder blade move toward the midline of the body.

Question 26

Scapular Protraction

Answer 26

Abduction of the scapulae. Shoulder blades move away from the midline of the body.

Question 27

Scapular Depession

Answer 27

Downward (inferior) movemen of the scapulae,(shoulder blades).

Question 28

Scapular Elevation

Answer 28

Upward, (superior) movement of the scapulae.

Question 29

Eccentric Muscle Action

Answer 29

When muscle develops tension while lengthening. Resistive force is great than the muscular force.

Question 30

Concentric Muscle Action

Answer 30

When a muscle is exerting force great than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle.

Question 31

I

Question 32

Isometric Muscle Action

Answer 32

When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it. Results in no visible change in muscle length

Question 33

Isokinetic Muscle Action

Answer 33

When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the ful range of motion.

Question 34

Force

Answer 34

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object.

Question 35

Length Tension Relationship

Answer 35

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at resting length.

Question 36

Force-Couple

Answer 36

Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint.

Question 37

Rotary Motion

Answer 37

Movement of the bones around the joints

Question 38

Torque

Answer 38

A force that produces rotation. Common unit is the Newton-Meter.

Question 39

Motor behavior

Answer 39

Motor response to internal and external Stimuli

Question 40

Motor Control

Answer 40

How the Central Nervous System (CNS) integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response

Question 41

Motor Learning

Answer 41

Integration for motor control processes, through practive and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movments.

Question 42

Motor Development

Answer 42

The change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan.

Question 43

Muscle Synergies

Answer 43

Groups of muscle recruited by the CNS to produce movement.

Question 44

Proprioception

Answer 44

Cumulative sensory input to the CNS from all mechanoreceptors that sense limb position and limb movment.

Question 45

Sensorimotor Integration

Answer 45

The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement.

Question 46

Feedback

Answer 46

The use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the human movement system in motor learning.

Question 47

Internal Feedback

Answer 47

The process in which sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment.

Question 48

External Feedback

Answer 48

Information provided by some external force, the supplemental feedback from the internal environment. Fitness professional, video, mirror, heart rate monitor...etc.

Question 49

First Class Lever

Answer 49

Have the fulcrum in the middle, wih the effort on either side, like a see-saw. Nodding the head.

Question 50

Second Class Lever

Answer 50

Have the resistance in the middle with the fulcrum and the effort on either side. Similiar to a wheelbarrow. Example would be a calf raise

Question 51

Third Class Lever

Answer 51

Have effort in the middle, with the fulcrum and resistance on either side. Most segements of the body act as third class levers.