Chapter 2 – Basic Exercise Science Flashcards
Human Movement System is comprised of what three major components, to create movement in the body?
1) Nervous System
2) Skeletal System
3) Muscular System
Also known as the Kinetic Chain
Neuron
The functional unit of the nervous system. Neurons sense internal and external environments, collects and interprets the information, and then sends the information to different areas of the body
Nervous System
The communicaton network within the human body.
Sensory Function
The ability of the nervouse system to sense changes in the internal and/or external environment.
Integrative Function
The Ability of th nervous system to anylize and interpret sensory information and produce the appropriate response.
Motor Function
The neuromuscular response to the sensory information, after interpretation.
Proprioception
The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system, from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and movment.
Sensory (afferent) Neurons
Neurons that transmit nerve impulses from effector sites, such as muscles and organ, via receptors to the brain and spinal cord.
Interneurons
Neurons that transmit impulses from one neuron to another.
Motor,(efferent) Neurons
Neurons that transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord, to effector sites.
Central Nervous System
CNS
The portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord. Responsible for collecting and interpreting data.
Peripheral Nervous System
PNS
Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body.
Senses the environment and tells the body how to respond, based on signals from the CNS.
Mechanoreceptors
Receptors in the body, responsible for sensing distortion in body tissue.
Muscle Spindles
Mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in the length of a muscle, and the rate of the change.
Golgi Tendon Organ
Mechanoreceptors responsible for sensing change in tension of a muscle, and the rate of that change.
Joint Receptors
Mechanoreceptors surround a joint, that respond to pressure, acceleraton, and deceleration of the joint.
Skeletal System
The body’s framework, consisting of bones and joints.
Bones
Structures that provide a resting ground from muscles, and protect vital organs
Joints
Junctions of bones and connective tissues, where muscles cause movment to occur.
Axial Skeleton
Portion of the skeleton that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.
Appendicular Skeleton
Portion of the skeleton that consists of upper and lower extremities.
Remodeling
The process of resorption, and formation of bone.
Osteoclasts
A type of bones cell that removes bone tissue (resorption)
Osteoblasts
Type of cell responsible for bone formation.
Epiphysis
The end of long bones, which is mainly composed of cancellous bone, and house much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production;one of the primary sites for bone growth.
Diaphysis
The shaft portion of a long bone
Epiphyseal Plate
The region of a long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis where growth in the length of the diaphysis occurs; the growth plate.
Periosteum
A dense membrane composed of fibrous tissue that closely wraps all bone except the articulating surfaces in joints.
Medullar Cavity
The central cavity of bone shafts where the marrow is stored.
Articular (hyaline) cartilage
Cartilage that covers the articular surface of bones.
Depressions
Flattened or indented portions of bone which can be muscle attachment sites
Processes
Projections protruding from the bone where muscle, tendons, and ligaments can attach
Vertebral Column
A series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord
Arthrokinematics
Joint Motion
Synovial Joints
Joints held together by a joint capsule and ligaments; most associated with movement; produce synovial fluid to lubricate joints
Non-Synovial Joints
Joints that do not have a joint cavity, capsule, connective tissue, or cartilage
Types of Synovial Joint
Gliding-Carpals
Conyloid
Hinge
Saddle
Pivot
Ball-Socket
