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NASM CPT > Chapter 6 - Fitness Assessment > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Fitness Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Subjective Information

A

Information gained from clients that cannont be directly observed or measured. Examples include medical history and lifestyle history. Job, sleep habit, recreational habits…etc

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2
Q

Objective Information

A

Made up of things that can be directly observed or measured. It can be scientifically measured, recorded, and compared with future results to indentify exactly how a client is progressing or regressing.

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3
Q

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire

(PAR-Q)

A

A questionnaire that collects subjective information about a clients health, to determine if they are ready for exercise. Includes current and past health history, as well as surgeries, injuries, illnesses, chronic conditions, medications and relevant factors about the clients occupation and lifestyle.

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4
Q

Objective Information Assessments

A

Heart Rate and Blood Pressure

Body Composition

Cardiorespiratory

Posture and Movement

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5
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

Pressure within the walls of the blood vessles after the heart contracts. The top number.

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6
Q

Diastolic Blood Pressure

A

The Bottom number. Pressure within the blood vessel walls when the heart is filling with blood.

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7
Q

Methods for Measuring Body Composition

A

Skin Fold Calipers

Bioelectrical Impedence

Circumference Method

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8
Q

Beta Blockers

A

Used for high blood pressure and also irregular heart rate. Beta blockers decrease heart rate and blood pressure

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9
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Prescribed for hypertension and angina.

Increase heart rate, lower blood pressure.

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10
Q

Nitrates

A

Prescribed for hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Possible increase in heart rate, possible lowering of blood pressure.

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11
Q

Diuretics

A

Prescribed for hypertension, congestive heart failure and peripheral edema

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

Bronchodilators

A

Prescribed to correct or prevent bronchial smoot muscle constriction in individuals with asthma and other pulmonary diseases.

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14
Q

Vasodilators

A

For treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Raise or lower heart rate. Lowers blood pressure.

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15
Q

Antidepressants

A

Raise or regulate heart rate. Regulat or lower blood pressure.

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16
Q

Objective Information In Fitness Assessment

A

Physiological Measurements

Body Compostion Assessments

Cardiorespiratory Assessments

Static Posture Assessments

Movement Assesment(dynamic posture)

Performance Assessment

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17
Q

Radial Pulse

A

Two fingers lightly along the right side of the arm in line with and just above the thumb. Count pulse for 60 seconds. Record over the course of three days.

* Touch should be gentle

*Test taken when client calm

*All three must be taken at the same time each day.

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18
Q

Cartoid Pulse

A

Two fingers lightly on the neck just to the side of the larynx

*Touch should be gentle

*Excessive pressure can decrease HR and BP leading to dizziness, fainting or inaccurate reading.

*Taken when client is calm

*Taken at the same time each day

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19
Q

Average resting heart rate for Male

A

70 Bpm

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20
Q

Average Resting HR for Female

A

75 Bpm

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21
Q

Calculating Target HR

Straight Percentage Method

Peak Max HR

A

220 - Clients Age x appropriate intensity percentage.

220-40x0.95= 182

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22
Q

HR Reserve Method

(HRR)

A

THR = HRmax - HRrest x desired intensity + HRrest

182 - 65 x 0.95 + 65 = 185

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23
Q

Body Composition

A

Refers to the relative percentage of body weight that is fat versus fat free tissue. Percentage Body Fat.

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24
Q

Body Fat Recommendations for Men

A

Essential 3-5%

Athletic 5-13%

Recommended 34 and under 8-22%

Age 35-55 10-25%

Over 56 10-25%

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25
Body Fat Recommendations for Women
Essential 8-12% Athletic 12-22% Age 34 or less 20-35% 35-55 yrs 23-38% 56 and up 25-38%
26
Skin Fold Measurement Recommendations
Take a minimum of two measurements at each site. Each site must be within 1-2mm to take average. Do not Measure immediately after exercise. Avoid performing on extremely obese clients
27
Four sites for skinfold measurments
1. Biceps: vertical fold on the fron of the arm over the biceps muscle, halfway between the shoulder and elbow 2. Triceps: vertical fold on the back of upper arm, arm relaxed at side, taken halfway between elbow and shoulder. 3. Subscapular: 45 degree angle fold of 1-2cm, below inferior angle of scapula. 4. Iliac Crest: 45 degree angle fold, just above illiac crest and medial to axillary line.
28
Fat Mass Calculation
Body fat% x Scale Weight = Fat mass
29
Lean Body Mass Calculation
Scale weight - fat mass = lean body mass
30
Circumference Measurment Benefits
Can be used on obese clients Good for comparison and progression Assess fat pattern and distribution Easy to record Used for waist circumference Used for wait/hip ratio
31
Circumference Measurment Sites
1. Neck- across adams apple 2. Chest- Across nipple line 3. Waist- narrowest part of waist 4. Hips- at widest portion of buttocks 5. Thighs- 10 inches above patella top 6. Calves- Maximal circumference btween ankle and knee 7. Biceps- arm extended palms forward, @ maximal circumference.
32
Waist to Hip Ratio Calculation
Smallest part of clients waist divided by widest part of clients hips. Women should be less than .85 Men should be less than 0.95
33
BMI Calcuation
BMI = Weight(kg)/Height m squared OR Weight,(lbs)/Height inches squared X 703
34
BMI Scale
\<18.5 Underweight 18.6-24.99 Acceptable 25-29.99 Overweight 30-34.99 Obese 35-39.99 Obese II \>40 Obese III
35
Cardiorespiratory Assessments
YMCA 3-minute Step Test Rockport Walk Test
36
YMCA 3-minute Step Test
Have client perform 96 steps per minute, on a 12 inch step, for 3 minutes total. Measure clients pulse within 5 seconds of completion, for 6 seconds. Record as recovery pulse. Locate recovery pulse number on chart. Determine appropriate starting program using appropriate category score. Determin Max HR by 220-age and multiply by zone percentages to determine HR ranges for each zone.
37
Rockport Walk Test
Record Clients weight. Have client walk a mile at a fast but controllable pace. Record time it takes to walk mile. Immediately record clients HR. Use following formula 132.853 - (0.0769 x weight) - (0.3877 x Age) + (6.315 x Gender) - (3.2649 x Time) - 0.1565 x HR) = Vo2 score Determine appropriate starting program using appropriate category. Determine max HR 220-age X zone percentages to determine HR ranges for each zone.
38
Common Distortion Patterns
Pronation Distortion Syndrome Lower Crossed Syndrome Upper Crossed Syndrome
39
Pronation Distortion Syndrome Short Muscles
Gastrocnemius Soleus Peroneals Adductors Iliotibial Head Hip Flexor Complex Biceps Femoris Short head
40
Pronation Distortion Syndrome Lengthened Muscles
Anterior Tibilais Posterior Tibialis Vastus Medialis Gluteus medius/maximus Hip external Rotators
41
Pronation Distortion Syndrome Alterned Joint Mechanics
Increased: Knee Adduction Knee internal rotation Food Pronation Decreased: Ankle Dorsiflexion Ankle Inversion
42
Pronation Distortion Syndrome Possible Injuries
Plantar Fasciitis Posterior Tibial Tendonitis Pattelar tendonitis Low-back pain
43
Lower Crossed Syndrome Short muscles
Gastrocnemius Soleus Hip Flexor Complex Adductors Latissimus Dorsi Erector Spinae
44
Lower Crossed Syndrome Lengthened Muscles
Anterior Tibialis Posterior Tibilalis Glute Max Glute Medius Transversus abdominis Internal Oblique
45
Lower Crossed Syndrome Altered Joint Mechanics
Increased Lumbar Extension Decreased Hip Extension
46
Lower Crossed Syndrome Possible Injuries
Hamstring complex strain Anterior Knee Pain Low-back Pain
47
Kinetic Chain Checkpoints
1. Foot and Ankle 2. Knee 3. Lumbo-oelvic-hip complex LPHC 4. Shoulders 5. Head and Cervial Spine
48
Kinetic Chain Checkpoints Anterior View
Foot/Ankles- Straight and parallel, not flat or externally rotated. Knees- In line with toes, not adducted or abducted LPHC- Pelvis level, anterior superior iliac spins in same transverse plane. Shoulders- Level, not elevated or rounded Head- Neutral position, not tilted or rotated
49
Kinetic Chain Checkpoints Lateral View
Foot/Ankle- Neutral position, leg vertical at right angle to sole of foot. Knees- Neutral, not flexed or hyperextended LPHC- Pelvis neutral, not anteriorly or posteriorly rotated. Shoulders- Normal kyphotic curve, not excessively rounded. Head- Neutral, no in excessive extension
50
Kinetic Chain Checkpoints Posterior View
Foot/Ankle- heels straight, parallel, no overly pronated. Knees- Neutral, not adducted or abducted LPHC- Pelvis level with posterior and superior iliac spines in transverse plane. Shoulders/Scapulae- level, not elevated or protracted. Medial borders parallel and 3-4 inches apart Head- neutral, neither tilted or rotated.
51
Purpose of overhead squat assessment
Assess dynamic flexibility, core strength, balance and overal neuromuscular control.
52
Overhead Squat Procedure Position
Client stands with feet shoulder width apart, and pointed straight ahead. Should be performed with shoes off. Have client raise arms overhead, with elbows fuly extended. Upper arms should bisect the torso
53
Overhead Squat Procedure Movement
Instruct client to squat roughly to the height of a chair seat and return to starting position. Repeat movment for 5 repetitions. Observe from anterior and lateral views.
54
Overhead Squat Procedure Views
1. View feet, ankle and knees from front. Feet should be straight with knees tracking in line with 2nd and 3rd toes 2. View LPHC, shoulder and cervical complex from side. Tibia should remain in line with the torso while arms also stay in line with toroso.
55
Overhead Squat Compensations Anterior View
Feet: Do they flatten and/or turn out Knees: Do knees move inward (adduct and internally rotate)
56
Overhead Squat Compensations Lateral View
LPCH: Does low back arch? Does toroso lean forward? Shoulder: Do arm fall forward?
57
Single Leg Squat Assessment Position
Client stands with hands on hip and eyes focused straight ahead. Foot pointed straight ahead, foot, ankle, knee and lphc should be in neutral position
58
Single Leg Squat Assessment Movement
1. Have client squat to comfortable level and return to start 2. Peform up to 5 reps before switching sides
59
Single Leg Squat Assessment Views
View knee from the front. Should track in line with foot, 2nd and 3rd toes.
60
Single Leg Squat Compensation
Does knee move inward,(adduct and internally rotate)
61
Overhead Squat Compensations LPHC Excessive forward lean
Overactive: Soleus, Gastrocnemius, Hip Flexor Complex, Abdominal Complex. Underactive: Anterior Tibalis, Glute Max, Erector Spinae
62
Overhead Squat Compensations LPHC Low Back Arches
**Overactive:** Hip Flexor Complex, Erector Spinae Latissimus dorsi **Underactive:** Gluteus Maximus, Hamstring Complex, Intrinsic core stablizers,(transverse abdominis, multifidius, transversospinalis, internal oblique pelvic floor).
63
Overhead Squat Compensations Upper Body Arms Fall Forward
**Overactive:** Latissimus dorsi, Teres Major, Pectoralis major/minor **Underactive:** Mid/lower trapezius, Rhomboids, Rotator Cuff
64
Overhead Squat Compensations Feet Turn out
Overactive: Soleus, Lateral Gastrocnemius, Bicepts Femoris,(short head) Underactive: Medial gastrocnemius, Medial Hamstring Complex, Gracilis, Sartorius, Popliteus
65
Overhead Squat Compensations Knees Move Inward
**Overactive:** Adductor complex, Biceps Femoris,(short head), TFL, Vastus Lateralis. **Underactive:** Gluteus medius/maximus, Vastus medialis oblique,(VMO)
66
Single Leg Squat Compensation Knee Moves Inward
**Overactive:** Adductor complex, Biceps femoris,(short head), TFL, Vastus Lateralis **Underactive:** Glute medius/maximus, Vastus medialis oblique (VMO)
67
Pushing Assessment Compensations LPHC Low Back Arches
**Overactive:** Hip flexors, Erector Spinae **Underactive:** Intrinsic Core Stabalizers
68
Pushing Assessment Compensations Shoulder Complex Shoulder Elevation
Overactive: Upper Trapezius, Sternocleidomastoid, Levator Scapluae. Underactive: Mid/Lower Trapezius
69
Pushing Assessment Compensations Head Migrates Foward
Overactive: Upper Trapezius, Sternocleidomastoid, Levator scapulae Underactive: Deep Cervical Flexors
70
Pulling Assessment Compensations LPHC Low Back Arches
Overactive: Hip Flexors, Erector Spinae Underactive: Intrinsic Core Stabalizers
71
Pushing Assessment Compensations Shoulder Complex Shoulder Elevation
**Overactive:** Upper Trapezius, Sternocleidomastoid, Levator Scapulae **Underactive**: Mid/Lower Trapezius
72
Pulling Assessment Compensations Head Head Protrudes Forward
Overactive: Upper trapezius, Sternocleidomastoid, Levator Scapulae Underactive: Deep Cervical Flexors
73
Performance Assessments
Push-up Test: measures upper body muscular endurance. Davies Test: Measures upper extremity agility and stabalization. Shark Skill: Assess lower extremity agility and neuromuscular control.
74
Upper Extremity Strength Assessment
Bench Press
75
Lower Extremity Strength Assessment
Squat- Instruct client to warm up with a light resistance, 8-1 reps. Take 1 minute rest. Add 30-40 lbs,(10-20% of initial load) and perform 3-5 reps. Take 1 minute rest. Repeat above until client achives failure

NASM CPT (6 decks)

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