Chapter End 2 Beginning 3 Flashcards
Protein
A polymer of amino acids
Peptide
Are molecule composed of 2 or more amino acids
What are peptides names for
Number of amino acids
Conformation
Unique 3 dimensional shape of protein crucial to function
Denaturation
Extreme conformational change that destroys function
Protein structures
Primary secondary tertiary quaternary
Primary structure
Protein sequence of amino acids encoded in genes
Secondary structure
Coiled or folded shape held by hydrogen bonds
Tertiary
Overall 3-d shapes due to hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions
Types of tertiary structures
Globular and fibrous
Globular proteins
Compact tertiary structure for proteins within cell membranes and proteins moving freely through body
Fibrous proteins
Slender filaments suited for roles in muscle contractions and strengthening of skin
Quaternary
Association of two or more polypeptide chains due to ionic bonds and hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions
Protein functions
Structure communication membrane transport catalyst recognition movement cell adhesion
Cell adhesion
Proteins bind together keep tissues from falling apart
Enzymes
Proteins that function as biological catalyst
Substrate
Substance enzyme acts upon
What do enzymes have at the end of their names
Ase
What do enzymes lower
Activation energy
Activation energy
Energy needed to get reactions started
Enzyme action
Substrate approaches enzyme activation site, molecules bind forming enzyme substrate complex
Reusability of enzymes
Enzymes are not used by reactions
How many substrates can an enzyme consume
Millions per minutes
Proteins are
Hydrophobic on the outside and hydrophilic on the inside
What can change enzyme function
Temperature and ph
What are monomers called
Nucleotides
Three components of nucleotides are
Nitrogenous sugar and one or more phosphate group
Nucleic acids are
DNA rna and atp
DNA
Has millions of necleotides constitutes genes
RNA
Assembles amino acids in right order to produce proteins
3 types of rna
Messenger ribsomal and transfer
ATP
Best known bodies most important energy transfer molecule
Types of atp
Adenine ribose 3 phosphate group
Fun facts about atp
Stores energy in exergonic reaction
Holds energy in covalent bonds
Most energy transfers happen when adding or removing 3rd phosphate
In atp releasing energy is ________ and storage of energy is ________
Hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis
Are nucleic acids hydrophobic or hydrophilic
Hydrophilic
Hydroxide ion
When electron leaves a hydrogen completely atom splits and hydrogen ion
Another name for hydrogen ion
Proton
Concentration of distilled/pure water
H+=oh-
Acids add hydrogen ions to solution
H+>oh-
Bases lower hydrogen ions
H+
Navel area anterior only
Umbilical
Hip lines in muscular people
Inguinal
Hips
Coxal
Tail bone
Sacral
Booty
Gluteal
Lower back
Lumber
Organs systems of the abdomino pelvic area
Reproductive urinary digestive
Functions of digestive system
Breaks down food absorbs nutrients
Functions of urinary system
Filters blood waste and toxins maintains water balance
Structular examples
Collagen elastins keratin
Cytoskeleton e
Globular examples
Enzymes hemoglobin antibodies
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration
