Chapter 1 Flashcards
Proximal and distal are especially used in anatomy of the ?
Limbs
Proximal meaning?
Close to the point of origin
Distal meaning?
Farther from the origin
When describing the trunk and referring to a structure that is above or below
Superior & inferior
Anterior meaning?
Front of the chest and abdomen
Interchangeable with anterior?
Ventral
Posterior?
Back side of the body
Interchangeable with dorsal is?
Posterior
Dorsum
Upper surface of foot and back of hand.
Ventral
Toward front or belly
Dorsal
Toward back or spine
Cephalic
Toward head or superior end
Rostral
Toward the fore head or nose
Medial
Toward the median plane
Superior
Above
Inferior
Below
Lateral
Away from the median plane
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body
Contralateral
On opposite sides of the body
Superficial
Closer to the body surface
Deep
Farther from the body surface
Sagittal plane?
Passes vertically through and divides left to right
The sagittal plane that divides the body or organ into equal halves is called? Or?
Median or midsagittal plane
Head and pelvic organs are commonly illustrated on what plane?
The median
Off center sagittal planes are also called?
Parasagittal
Anatomical position is?
Person standing upright, feet flat on floor, arms at side, palms and face forwards
The four quadrants
Right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, left lower quadrant, right lower quadrant
Anatomy is describing what?
The structure of the human body
Physiology is the study of
The function of the human body
Branch of medicine concerned with imaging is?
Radiology
Gross anatomy is the study of
Structures that can be seen with the naked eye
Histology
Examination of tissues with a microscope
Histopathology
Microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease
Cytology
Study of structure and function of cells
Inductive method
Making numerous observations until one becomes confident in drawing generalizations and predictions
Inductive method obtained a lot of knowledge for?
Anatomy
The hypothetico- deductive method
Investigator formulates a hypothesis
Control group gets
A placebo
Treatment group gets
The medicine
Scientific fact
Information that can be independently verified
Law of nature
The way matter and energy behave, from inductive reasoning
Theory
An explanatory statement derived from fact law and confirmed hypothesis
Simplest level of hierarchy
Atoms
Atoms make up what?
Molecules
Molecules make up what?
Organelles
Organelles make up
Cells
Cell are
The most basic form of life
Cells make up
Tissues
Tissues make up
Organs
Organs make up
Organ systems
Organ systems make up
Organisms
The important characteristic of life
Homeostasis
Homeostasis
The ability to detect change, activate mechanism that oppose it and maintain relatively stable internal conditions
3 parts of negative feedback loop
1 receptors
2 integrating (control) sensors
3 effectors
What does a receptor do?
Structure that senses change in the body
What does control sensor do?
Processes the sensory information and “makes a decision and directs the response
What does the effector do?
Cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action to restore homeostasis
Positive feedback loop
Self amplifying cycle, produces rapid change
Gradients
Difference in chemical concentration, charge, temperature or pressure between two points
Matter and energy tend to flow
Down gradient
Dorsal cavity includes
Brain and spinal cord lines with meninges
Ventral cavity includes
Thoracic cavity and abdomino pelvic cavity
Cavities of the dorsal cavity
Cranial and vertebral
Parts of thoracic cavity
Pleural cavities (2) and pericardial
Parts of abdomino pelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity and pelvic
