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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Proximal and distal are especially used in anatomy of the ?

A

Limbs

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2
Q

Proximal meaning?

A

Close to the point of origin

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3
Q

Distal meaning?

A

Farther from the origin

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4
Q

When describing the trunk and referring to a structure that is above or below

A

Superior & inferior

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5
Q

Anterior meaning?

A

Front of the chest and abdomen

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6
Q

Interchangeable with anterior?

A

Ventral

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7
Q

Posterior?

A

Back side of the body

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8
Q

Interchangeable with dorsal is?

A

Posterior

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9
Q

Dorsum

A

Upper surface of foot and back of hand.

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10
Q

Ventral

A

Toward front or belly

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11
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward back or spine

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12
Q

Cephalic

A

Toward head or superior end

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13
Q

Rostral

A

Toward the fore head or nose

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14
Q

Medial

A

Toward the median plane

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15
Q

Superior

A

Above

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16
Q

Inferior

A

Below

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17
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the median plane

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18
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side of the body

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19
Q

Contralateral

A

On opposite sides of the body

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20
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to the body surface

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21
Q

Deep

A

Farther from the body surface

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22
Q

Sagittal plane?

A

Passes vertically through and divides left to right

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23
Q

The sagittal plane that divides the body or organ into equal halves is called? Or?

A

Median or midsagittal plane

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24
Q

Head and pelvic organs are commonly illustrated on what plane?

A

The median

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25
Q

Off center sagittal planes are also called?

A

Parasagittal

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26
Q

Anatomical position is?

A

Person standing upright, feet flat on floor, arms at side, palms and face forwards

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27
Q

The four quadrants

A

Right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, left lower quadrant, right lower quadrant

28
Q

Anatomy is describing what?

A

The structure of the human body

29
Q

Physiology is the study of

A

The function of the human body

30
Q

Branch of medicine concerned with imaging is?

A

Radiology

31
Q

Gross anatomy is the study of

A

Structures that can be seen with the naked eye

32
Q

Histology

A

Examination of tissues with a microscope

33
Q

Histopathology

A

Microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease

34
Q

Cytology

A

Study of structure and function of cells

35
Q

Inductive method

A

Making numerous observations until one becomes confident in drawing generalizations and predictions

36
Q

Inductive method obtained a lot of knowledge for?

A

Anatomy

37
Q

The hypothetico- deductive method

A

Investigator formulates a hypothesis

38
Q

Control group gets

A

A placebo

39
Q

Treatment group gets

A

The medicine

40
Q

Scientific fact

A

Information that can be independently verified

41
Q

Law of nature

A

The way matter and energy behave, from inductive reasoning

42
Q

Theory

A

An explanatory statement derived from fact law and confirmed hypothesis

43
Q

Simplest level of hierarchy

A

Atoms

44
Q

Atoms make up what?

A

Molecules

45
Q

Molecules make up what?

A

Organelles

46
Q

Organelles make up

A

Cells

47
Q

Cell are

A

The most basic form of life

48
Q

Cells make up

A

Tissues

49
Q

Tissues make up

A

Organs

50
Q

Organs make up

A

Organ systems

51
Q

Organ systems make up

A

Organisms

52
Q

The important characteristic of life

A

Homeostasis

53
Q

Homeostasis

A

The ability to detect change, activate mechanism that oppose it and maintain relatively stable internal conditions

54
Q

3 parts of negative feedback loop

A

1 receptors
2 integrating (control) sensors
3 effectors

55
Q

What does a receptor do?

A

Structure that senses change in the body

56
Q

What does control sensor do?

A

Processes the sensory information and “makes a decision and directs the response

57
Q

What does the effector do?

A

Cell or organ that carries out the final corrective action to restore homeostasis

58
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

Self amplifying cycle, produces rapid change

59
Q

Gradients

A

Difference in chemical concentration, charge, temperature or pressure between two points

60
Q

Matter and energy tend to flow

A

Down gradient

61
Q

Dorsal cavity includes

A

Brain and spinal cord lines with meninges

62
Q

Ventral cavity includes

A

Thoracic cavity and abdomino pelvic cavity

63
Q

Cavities of the dorsal cavity

A

Cranial and vertebral

64
Q

Parts of thoracic cavity

A

Pleural cavities (2) and pericardial

65
Q

Parts of abdomino pelvic cavity

A

Abdominal cavity and pelvic

Anatomy And Physiology (7 decks)

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