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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are all organisms composed of

A

Cells

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2
Q

How many different types of cells does the human body have

A

200

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3
Q

Basic components of cells

A

Plasma membrane cytoplasm and extra cellular fluid

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4
Q

Cytosol

A

Intercellular fluid and what dissolve in it

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Cytosol plus organelles

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6
Q

What is plasma membrane made of

A

Phospholipids

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7
Q

What are active transport carriers called

A

Pumps

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8
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Fuzzy coat outside plasma membrane, unique to everyone but identical twins

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9
Q

Microvilli

A

Extension of membranes brush border

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10
Q

Cilia

A

Hair like processes

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11
Q

Factors affecting difussion rate

A

Temp molecular weight steepness of gradient membrane surface and permeability

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12
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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13
Q

Aquaporins

A

Channel proteins in membrane specialized for water passage

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14
Q

Toni city

A

Ability of a surrounding solution to affect fluid volume and pressure in a cell

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15
Q

Hypotonic

A

Less solutes more water

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16
Q

Hypertonic

A

Less water more solutes

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17
Q

Isotonic

A

Equal water and solutes

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18
Q

Uniport

A

Carries one type of solute

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19
Q

Symport

A

Carries two or more solutes in same direction

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20
Q

Antiport

A

Carries two or more solutes in opposite directions

21
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Carriers move solutes down gradients, doesn’t consume atp

22
Q

Primary active transport

A

Need atp for energy move against gradient

23
Q

Vesicular transport

A

Moves large particles through membrane in vesicles

24
Q

Endosytosis

A

Transport materials into cell

25
Q

Exocytosis

A

Moves material out of cell

26
Q

Trancytosis

A

Transports into through and out of cell

27
Q

Active transport

A

Against gradient through a protein pump requires membrane protein requires energy expense

28
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Down gradient moves through membrane bilayer doesn’t need membrane protein or energy expense

29
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Down gradient moves through protein channel requires membrane protein but not energy expense

30
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Cellular drinking absorbs droplet of fluid

31
Q

Phaygocytosis

A

Cellular eating engulfs solid bacterium

32
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Double membrane with pores

33
Q

Nucleoli

A

Masses where ribosomes are produced

34
Q

Chromatin

A

Thread like made of dna and protein

35
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Flattened sacs with ribosomes makes phospholipids and packages proteins

36
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

No ribosomes synthesizes proteins and lipids detoxifies alcohol and drugs

37
Q

Ribosomes

A

Small dots of protein and rna reads genetic messages and assembles amino acids

38
Q

Hypertonic causes

A

Crenation

39
Q

Hydroponic causes

A

Lysing

40
Q

Nuclear pores

A

Let things in and out through nuclear envelope

41
Q

Nucleus

A

Command center of cell

42
Q

Golgi body

A

Stack of flat membranes packages cell proteins receiving from we and sending to membrane or turning to lysosomes

43
Q

Lysosomes

A

Clears out damages organelles and bacteria

44
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Temporarily produces hydrogen peroxide for breaking down cells or detoxification

45
Q

Mitochondria

A

Majority of atp is produces kidney bean shaped

46
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Frame work of protein fibers

47
Q

Microfiliments

A

Frame work beneather plasma membrane like rebar

48
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Looks like rope anchors cells together

49
Q

Microtubbules

A

Tubes of piping found in cilia

Anatomy And Physiology (7 decks)

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