Chapter 3 Flashcards
What are all organisms composed of
Cells
How many different types of cells does the human body have
200
Basic components of cells
Plasma membrane cytoplasm and extra cellular fluid
Cytosol
Intercellular fluid and what dissolve in it
Cytoplasm
Cytosol plus organelles
What is plasma membrane made of
Phospholipids
What are active transport carriers called
Pumps
Glycocalyx
Fuzzy coat outside plasma membrane, unique to everyone but identical twins
Microvilli
Extension of membranes brush border
Cilia
Hair like processes
Factors affecting difussion rate
Temp molecular weight steepness of gradient membrane surface and permeability
Osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Aquaporins
Channel proteins in membrane specialized for water passage
Toni city
Ability of a surrounding solution to affect fluid volume and pressure in a cell
Hypotonic
Less solutes more water
Hypertonic
Less water more solutes
Isotonic
Equal water and solutes
Uniport
Carries one type of solute
Symport
Carries two or more solutes in same direction
Antiport
Carries two or more solutes in opposite directions
Facilitated diffusion
Carriers move solutes down gradients, doesn’t consume atp
Primary active transport
Need atp for energy move against gradient
Vesicular transport
Moves large particles through membrane in vesicles
Endosytosis
Transport materials into cell
Exocytosis
Moves material out of cell
Trancytosis
Transports into through and out of cell
Active transport
Against gradient through a protein pump requires membrane protein requires energy expense
Simple diffusion
Down gradient moves through membrane bilayer doesn’t need membrane protein or energy expense
Facilitated diffusion
Down gradient moves through protein channel requires membrane protein but not energy expense
Pinocytosis
Cellular drinking absorbs droplet of fluid
Phaygocytosis
Cellular eating engulfs solid bacterium
Nuclear envelope
Double membrane with pores
Nucleoli
Masses where ribosomes are produced
Chromatin
Thread like made of dna and protein
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Flattened sacs with ribosomes makes phospholipids and packages proteins
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
No ribosomes synthesizes proteins and lipids detoxifies alcohol and drugs
Ribosomes
Small dots of protein and rna reads genetic messages and assembles amino acids
Hypertonic causes
Crenation
Hydroponic causes
Lysing
Nuclear pores
Let things in and out through nuclear envelope
Nucleus
Command center of cell
Golgi body
Stack of flat membranes packages cell proteins receiving from we and sending to membrane or turning to lysosomes
Lysosomes
Clears out damages organelles and bacteria
Peroxisomes
Temporarily produces hydrogen peroxide for breaking down cells or detoxification
Mitochondria
Majority of atp is produces kidney bean shaped
Cytoskeleton
Frame work of protein fibers
Microfiliments
Frame work beneather plasma membrane like rebar
Intermediate filaments
Looks like rope anchors cells together
Microtubbules
Tubes of piping found in cilia
