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Anatomy And Physiology > Chapter 2 Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Mixtures

A

Physically blended but not chemically combined

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2
Q

Solvency

A

Ability to dissolve other chemicals

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3
Q

Hydrophilic examples

A

Ions polar molecules, anything with a charge

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4
Q

Hydrophobic examples

A

No polar, neutral or uncharged

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5
Q

Metabolic reactions depends on

A

Solvency in water

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6
Q

Will polar ions and molecules mix with water

A

Yes

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7
Q

Will non polar ions mix with water

A

No

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8
Q

Adhesion

A

Water adheres to other substances

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9
Q

Cohesion

A

Water molecules cling to each other

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10
Q

Chemical reactivity

A

Ability to participate in chemical reactions

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11
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breaking down large molecules into smaller ones

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12
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Joins 2 simple molecules to form a large molecule

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13
Q

Solution

A

Usually small enough to pass through a cell membrane, solutes small and dissolved in solvent

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14
Q

Acid

A

A substance that dissociates in solution that produce hydrogen ions

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15
Q

Base or alkaline

A

A substance that dissociates in solutions to yield cations and hydroxide ions

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16
Q

Salt

A

A substance that dissociates in solution producing cations and anions not hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions

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17
Q

Ph scale

A

Acid 0-6.99 base 7.01-14 neutral 7

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18
Q

Buffers

A

Help prevent large changes in ph

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19
Q

Energy

A

Any capacity to move something

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20
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy store in an object

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21
Q

Chemical energy

A

Potential energy in molecular bonds

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22
Q

Free energy

A

Potential energy available in a system to do useful work

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23
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy in motion

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24
Q

Heat

A

Kinetic energy of molecular motion

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25
Q

Chemical reaction

A

A process in which covalent or ionic bond is formed or broken

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26
Q

Chemical equation

A

Symbolizes course of chemical reaction

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27
Q

Classes of chemical reactions

A

Decomposition reactions and synthesis reaction

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28
Q

Decomposition reaction

A

Large molecule breaks down into two or more smaller ones

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29
Q

Synthesis reaction

A

Two or more small molecules combined to for a larger one

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30
Q

Reach equilibrium

A

When ratio of products to reactants is stable

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31
Q

Reactions rates increase when

A

The reactants are more concentrated, the temperature rises or a catalyst is present

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32
Q

Metabolism

A

All chemical reactions of the body

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33
Q

Catabolism

A

Energy increasing decomposition reactions

34
Q

Word for energy releasing

35
Q

Anabolism

A

Energy storing synthesis reactions

36
Q

Endergonic means

A

Energy storing

37
Q

Oxidation

A

An exergonic reaction in which electrons are removed from a reactant

38
Q

Reduction

A

A reaction in which electrons are donated to a reactant

39
Q

Organic chemistry

A

The study of compounds containing carbon

40
Q

Four categories of carbon compounds

A

Carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids

41
Q

Macromolecules

A

Very large organic molecules with high molecular weights

42
Q

Polymers

A

Macromolecules made of a chain of monomers

43
Q

Monomers are linked together by

A

Dehydration synthesis

44
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Monomers covalently bonded together to form a polymer with the removal of a water molecule

45
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Splitting a polymer with water

46
Q

Carbohydrates primary function is

47
Q

Carbohydrates general formula is

48
Q

The 3 sizes of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharide and polysaccharides

49
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simple sugar types like blood sugar

50
Q

3 types of monosaccharides

A

Glucose fructose galactose

51
Q

Disaccharides

A

Table sugar

52
Q

3 types of disaccharides

A

Sucrose lactose maltose

53
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Glycogen stored in skeletal system and liver

54
Q

Starch

A

Energy storage in plants that is digestible by humans

55
Q

Cellulose

A

Structural molecule in plants important for human digestion fiber but not actually digestible

56
Q

Are carbohydrates hydrophobic or hydrophilic

A

Hydrophilic

57
Q

Lipids

A

Grouped together because part or the whole molecule is hydrophobic

58
Q

4 lipids are

A

Fatty acids triglycerides phospholipids steroids

59
Q

Fatty acids

A

chain of 4-24 carbon atoms with carboxyl group on one end and methyl group on the other end

60
Q

Triglycerides

A

Three fatty acids linked to glycerol formed by dehydration synthesis

61
Q

Since triglycerides are hydrophobic how are they transported in the human body

A

Lipoproteins

62
Q

Phospholipids

A

Similar to. Wirral fats but replace one fatty acid with a phosphate group

63
Q

Composition of phospholipid molecule is

A

A polar head that forms hydrogen bonds and 2 nonpolar fatty acid tails that only interact with lipids

64
Q

Composition of cell membrane

A

A double layer of phospholipids

65
Q

Cholesterol

A

Parent steroid with which the other steroids are synthesized

66
Q

Protein

A

A polymer of amino acids

67
Q

Amino acids

A

Central carbon with 3 attachments

68
Q

3 attachments of amino acid are

A

Amino group carboxyl group and radical group

69
Q

Peptide

A

Any molecule composed of 2 or more amino acids

70
Q

Protein structure

A

Primary secondary tertiary

71
Q

Body regions of front chest

72
Q

Front middle chest

73
Q

Armpits

74
Q

Shoulders

75
Q

Sides of the back

76
Q

Middle of back

77
Q

2 main organ systems in the chest

A

Circulatory and respiratory

78
Q

Functions of cardiovascular system

A

Circulates nutrients oxygen waste and hormones

79
Q

Function of respiratory system

A

Exchange of gases maintains ph of blood for speaking

80
Q

Wall layer of membrane

81
Q

Organ side of membrane

82
Q

The lower the ph the

A

More hydrogens

Anatomy And Physiology (7 decks)

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