chapter eight: comparisons in health status and human development

Question 1

economic characteristics

Answer 1

• level of debt
• income
• trade opportunity
• poverty
• welfare support
• industry

Question 2

environmental characteristics

Answer 2

• infrastructure
• access to clean water
• access to improved sanitation
• access to food
• agricultural productivity
• energy use
• resource use

Question 3

social characteristics

Answer 3

• social support
• employment
• birth rates
• education levels
• healthcare systems
• access to technology
• legal and political systems
• living standards
• social justice

Question 4

explain human development index

Answer 4

measure of the level of human development in a country where it takes into account the dimensions of a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living

Question 5

economic sustainability

Answer 5

involves the efficient and responsible use of available resources to ensure that all financial obligations over time can be met

Question 6

environmental sustainability

Answer 6

involves making decisions and implementing practices
that minimise the degradation of the planet and having an awareness of natural resources and fragility of the physical environment

Question 7

social sustainability

Answer 7

is about equitably meeting and promoting the needs of all people now and in the future

Question 8

strengths and weaknesses of HDI

Answer 8

strengths

• provides a more accurate indication of levels of human development
• clear and accurate evaluations can be made
• HDI enables comparison of the level of human development between countries

weaknesses

• not all countries are able to receive a ranking
• is not a complete reflection of human development as it does not include important indicators such as gender