Chapter B2- Cell division Flashcards
cell cycle
three-stage process of cell division in a body cell that involves mitosis and results in formation of two identical daughter cell
mitosis
part of cell cycle where a set of new chromosomes are pulled to each end of the cell forming two identical nuclei during cell division
cell cycle pattern
- this normal body cell has four chromosomes in two pairs. cell gets bigger and increases in mass, normal cell activities. a copy of each chromosome is made. number of sub-cellular structures increase.
- mitosis: one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the dividing cell and the nucleus divides.
- cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two identical daughter cells
differentiate
process where cells become specialised for a particular function
stem cell
undifferentiated cell with the potential to form a wide variety of different cell types
adult stem cells
stem cells found in adults that can differentiate to form a limited number of cells
cloning
production of identical offspring by asexual reproduction
zygote
single new cell formed by fusion of gametes in sexual reproduction
embryonic stem cells
stem cells from an early embryo that can differentiate to form the specialised cells of the body
therapeutic cloning
process where an embryo is produced that is genetically identical to the patient, can be used in medical treatments
where can adult stem cells be found in the body?
brain eyes blood heart liver bone marrow skin muscle
where does cell division in plants occur?
meristems
advantage and disadvantage in using embryonic stem cells
- can differentiate into a wider range of cell types
- difficult to obtain and their use raises ethical challenges. The best source is the five-day-old embryo.
mitosis in plants
- constantly taking place in meristems of shoots and tips
- many plant cells can differentiate
differentiation in animals
most types of cell differentiate at an early stage of development