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Psychology 121 > Chapter ___: Positive Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter ___: Positive Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

3 parts to happiness

A

Life satisfaction

Positive affect

Negative affect

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2
Q

Life satisfaction

A

Subjective judgment on how well your life is going

Using your own standards

Positively linked to SWB

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3
Q

Positive affect

A

Emotions like joy, happiness

Positively linked to SWB

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4
Q

Negative affect

A

Sadness, anger, anxiety

Negatively linked to SWB

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5
Q

Affect

A

Emotions

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6
Q

External causes of happiness

A

Money!

Need enough to meet basic needs

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7
Q

Social resources

A

We need people around us

Social relationships are neccecaey for happiness

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8
Q

Society in which we live in

A

External happiness

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9
Q

Internal cues of happiness

A

Temperament

Personality

Outlook

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10
Q

Temperament

A

Identical twins have similar levels

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11
Q

Personality

A

Extroverts experience more happiness

Those high in neuroticism experience more negative

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12
Q

Outlook

A

Cognitive appraisal of situation (glass half full)

Cultural influences of happiness

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13
Q

Resilience

A

Recover quickly from setbacks

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14
Q

Hedonic treadmill

A

Whatever we do, we are in the same place

Our emotions at first are different, then they get adjusted

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15
Q

Consequences of happiness

A

Health and longevity
Social relationships
Productivity
Citizenship

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16
Q

Health and longevity

A

When happy:

Stronger immune system
Less disease
Longer life

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17
Q

Social relationship

A

More stable and rewarding relationships

Better material and work outcomes

Receive and give supper to others

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18
Q

Productivity

A

Organizations more successful

Greater productivity

Higher earning

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19
Q

Citizenship

A

Happy, donate time and money

More likely to help others

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20
Q

How to become happier

A

See glass half full

Help others, Volenteer

Seek meaningful relationships

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21
Q

Solomon asch study

A

Line test for conformity

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22
Q

Line test outcomes

A

People would confirm to not stir the pot when wrong answered

On writing the answers would be right

Or if another person helped

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23
Q

Conformity

A

Change in behaviour that matches what others think or do

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24
Q

When people conform, their

A

Opinions, feelings, and behaviours move toward group norm

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25
Q

Reasons for conformity

Normative influence

A

Conforming because we won’t fit in or others might judge you

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26
Q

Informational influence

A

When we conform we want to be “right”, so we look at others

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27
Q

Descriptive norms

A

What we can observe other doing or what we think other do

People drinking when they aren’t

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28
Q

Obedience

A

A type of social influence or conformity, instructions from people of authority

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29
Q

Attitude

A

Positive or negative evaluation that may effect behaviour

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30
Q

CAB

A

Attitudes have cognitive, affective, and behavioural components

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31
Q

Cognitive

A

Knowledge about object

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32
Q

Affective

A

Feelings toward object

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33
Q

Behavioural

A

Predisposition to act toward object

34
Q

Advertisements

A

Attempt to change your attitude, make you think, feel, or act toward something

35
Q

Persuasion

A

Attitudes or beliefs influenced by a communication from another person

36
Q

Two types of persusion

A

Central or systematic

Peripheral or heuristic

37
Q

Central or Systematic

A

Proves by which attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeals to reason

Motivated to process messages with care and attention

38
Q

Peripheral or heuristic

A

Attitudes or beliefs are changed by appeal to habit or emotion

Appears when we are unmotivated or unable to process messages with care and attention

39
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

Tension produced when people recognize inconsistency in their actions, attitudes, or beliefs

40
Q

3 ways to deal with cognitive dissonance

A

Change your cognition or attitude

Add a justifying concept

Change your behaviour itself

41
Q

Blind spots

A

Self serving bias

Cognitive fluency

Sunk cost fallacy

Confirmation bias

42
Q

Self serving bias

A

Giving success to yourself but failure to others

43
Q

Cognitive fallacy

A

Do or think things cause others do them

ie. skip school

44
Q

Sunk cost fallacy

A

If you have already wait money, time, etc, it is better to leave instead of wasting more

45
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Only search for evidence that supports you

“Sugar is bad”

46
Q

Social cognition

A

Process by which people come to understand others

47
Q

The _______ is activated when we think about other people’s attributes

A

Prefrontal cortex

48
Q

We make inferences about others based on:

A

1) the catagories to which they belong

2) the things they do and say

49
Q

Stereotyping

A

Process by which people draw inferences about others based on their knowledge of the catagoires to which they belong

50
Q

Stereotype features

A

Inaccurate, overused, self perpetuating, and automatic

51
Q

Where we learn stereotypes

A

1) people that tell us things might not be accurate

2) our own conclusions about others may be biased

52
Q

Self perpetuating

A

Life of its own, hard to get rid of

53
Q

Perpetual confirmation

A

When observes perceive what they expect to perceive

54
Q

Self fulfilling prophecy

A

Tendency for people to cause what they expect to see (bad haircut)

55
Q

Subtyping

A

Tendency for people who are faced with disconfimimg evidence to modify their stereotype rather than abandon

56
Q

Stereotyping happens ______

A

Unconsciously

Training helps us stop it

57
Q

Groups

A

Collections of people work something in common

We have a need to belong

58
Q

The need to belong scale

A

Measures individuals ability to be apart of something

59
Q

Ostracism

A

Exclusion from social groups

60
Q

Social facilitation

A

We perform better in the presence of others

61
Q

When does Social facilitation not work

A

Doing something unfamiliar or new, others make us perform worst

62
Q

Social loafing

A

We exert less effort when in groups

Due to diffusion of responsibility

63
Q

Group polarization

A

The judgement of a group tends to more extreme then that of any member

64
Q

Common knowledge effect

A

Group tends to discuss things they all know, opposed to little things each person knows

65
Q

Group think

A

The desire to reach a group consensus can lead to poor decisions

66
Q

Causes of groupthink

A

Cohesion

Isolation

Biased leadership

Desicional stress

67
Q

Cohesion

A

Group thing only occurs in friends groups

68
Q

Isolation

A

The more private the group, the more group think

69
Q

Biased leadership

A

One person is too authoritative, may lead others to pressure conformity

70
Q

Decisional stress

A

Time pressure and other stresses lead to quick poor decisions

71
Q

What attracts us together (4 points)

A

Proximity

Familiarity

Similarity

Reciprocity

72
Q

Proximity

A

Like to form social relationships with those near or around you

73
Q

Familiarity

A

Bring around those people often lead you to like them more

74
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

The more we encounter someone or something the more likely we find it favourable or attractive

75
Q

Similarity

A

We prefer mates who are physiologically like us. (Thoughts and beliefs)

76
Q

Reciprocity

A

We tend to treat others the way they treat us

77
Q

Equity

A

Important component of social relationships

78
Q

Perceived social support

A

Related to greater well being (high positive emotions, low negative emotion)

79
Q

Perceived social support

A

Unwanted and may be embarrassing or frustrating

80
Q

Social identity theory

A

Groups influence their members self concepts and self esteem

81
Q

Soci Meyer model

A

A conceptual analysis of self evaluation processes that theorizes self esteem function to psychologically monitor ones degree of inclusion and exclusion

Psychology 121 (6 decks)

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