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Psychology 121 > Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

3 aspects of abnormal / disordered behaviour

A

Infrequent / deviates trim culturally accepted norms

Maladaptive

Personally distressful

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2
Q

Maladaptive

A

Interferes with ability to function normally in everyday life

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3
Q

Personally distressful

A

Individual is stressed or troubled

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4
Q

It is a combination of _____ / ______ behaviours

A

Abnormal / disordered

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5
Q

Disorders across cultures

A

Disorders are present across all cultures and regions

Depression and anxiety is usually most common

Some disorders are more common in one culture than others

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6
Q

Schizophrenia means

A

The split mind

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7
Q

Schizophrenia is characterized by

A

Disturbances in thought, processes, and emotions

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8
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Things present that are usually not normally present

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9
Q

Delusions

A

Abnormal thoughts

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10
Q

Hallucinations

A

Distorted perceptions

Hearing voices

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11
Q

Disorganized speech

A

Positive symptom

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12
Q

Unusual behaviour

A

Positive behaviour

Such as twisting hair

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13
Q

Negative symptoms

A

Things are not present when they should be

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14
Q

The flat effect

A

Little or no emotional reaction

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15
Q

Lack of engagement in normal activities

A

Negative symptom

Doesn’t bath, dress, make social connections

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16
Q

Supernatural theories of mental illnesses

A

Attribute disorders to possession, the gods!

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17
Q

Example of supernatural theory

A

Trephination

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18
Q

Trephination

A

Drilling holes in the skull to release evil sprits

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19
Q

Somatogenic theories of psych disorders

A

Attribute them to disruptions in physical functioning

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20
Q

Examples of somatogenic theory’s

A

Ilness, genetics, brain damage

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21
Q

Dopamine hypothesis

A

Schizophrenia involves an excess of dopamine

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22
Q

Symptoms of schizophrenia can be reduced with

A

Antagonists

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23
Q

Neauroanatomy

A

Means structures of the brain

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24
Q

Schizophrenia patients show less activity in

A

The frontal lobe

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25
Q

Summary of somatogenic theories

A

Genetics play a role

Genetics don’t completely explain psychothapy

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26
Q

Anxiety disorders

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

Panic disorder

Phobic disorder

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27
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

Excessive worrying, free floating anxiety

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28
Q

GAD must last for

A

At least 6 months

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29
Q

Physical symptoms of GAD

A

Muscle tension
Fatigue
Difficult sleep

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30
Q

How to reduce GAD

A

Benzodiazepines

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31
Q

Panic disorder

A

Sudden panic attacks occurs, often without warning or apparent cause

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32
Q

Panic disorder time and other disorders

A

A person must experience anxiety and avoidance behaviour related to the attack for one month

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33
Q

Cause and development to PD

A

Sensitivity to internal bodily or somatic cues

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34
Q

External cues

A

Places and reminders that may induce panic disorder

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35
Q

Agoraphobia

A

A fear of public places

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36
Q

Phobic disorder

A

Highly focussed fear of a specific object or situation

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37
Q

Psychgenetic theories of psych disorders

A

Disruptive patterns in cognitive functioning

Examples: traumatic or stressful experiences

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38
Q

Summary of psychogenic theories

A

Cognitive patterns serve to create, exaggerate, or reduce the symptoms of psychological disorder

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39
Q

The medial models assumptions (3 points)

A

Disorders can be classified by their symptoms

Disorders are caused by underlying “disease”

Disorders can be diagnosed and treated

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40
Q

Classifying psychological disorders

A

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition

DSM-5

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41
Q

Stigmas

A

May be a result of labelling people with psychological disorders

42
Q

Roughly ___% of individuals with symptoms do not seek treatment

A

60

43
Q

_____ May affect how we interpret a persons behaviour

A

Labels

44
Q

May lead to viewing onselfs of _____ or _______

A

Flawed or hopeless

45
Q

People believe, those with disorders may be ______

A

Violent

46
Q

Obsessions

A

Persistent, upsetting, repetitive, and or intrusive thoughts

47
Q

Compulsions

A

Ritualistic

Repetitive behaviour

48
Q

Mood disorders

A

Major depressive episode

Manic episode

Bipolar disorder

49
Q

Major depressive episode (MDD)

A

Feeling of sadness, hopelessness

50
Q

Anhedonia

A

Loss of interest or pleasure in things a person enjoys

51
Q

Persistent depressive disorder

A

(PDD)

Symptoms for 2 or more years

52
Q

Double depression

A

PDD with bouts of MDD

53
Q

Causes of major depressive episode (MDD)

A

Genetics

Neaurotransmitters / brain activity

Combinations of factors likely

54
Q

Manic episode

A

Symptoms last at least one week
Presence of euphoria (elevated mood)
Symptoms not due to drugs or medical conditions

55
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Moods alternate between manic and depressive

56
Q

Bipolar disorder one (BD1)

A

One manic episode, commonly worn depressive episode

57
Q

Bipolar disorder 2 (BD2)

A

Hypomanic episode, with depressive episode

58
Q

Bipolar disorder 3 (BD3)

A

Cyclothymia or alternating periods of hypomania and dysthymia for 2 years

59
Q

Comorbidity

A

2 or more disorders in a single person

60
Q

Where do psych disorders come from?

A

Environment/ social factors

61
Q

Learned helplessness

A

Related failures in attempts to control the environment may produce a general sense of uncontrollability

62
Q

The diathesis stress approach

A

Psychopathology results when a predisposition for a disorder combines with sufficient amount of stress to trigger symptoms

63
Q

Personality disorders

A

Deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulse

64
Q

3 clusters of personally disorders

A

1) odd / eccentric
2) dramatic / erratic
3) anxious / inhibited

65
Q

Odd / eccentric

A

Paranoid

Schizoid

Schizotypal

66
Q

Paranoid

A

Distrust in others

67
Q

Schizoid

A

Extreme introversion —> doesn’t like people

68
Q

Schizotypal

A

Eccentric manner of speaking

Mild schizophrenia

69
Q

Dramatic / erratic

A

Narcissistic
Histrionic
Boarderline
Antisocial

70
Q

Narcissistic

A

Inflated sense of self importance

71
Q

Histrionic

A

Attention seeking —> drama queen

72
Q

Boarderline

A

Unstable mood

73
Q

Antisocial

A

Lack of morals. Impulsive, illegal acts

74
Q

Anxious / inhibited

A

Avoidant

Dependant

Obsessive

75
Q

Avoidant

A

Socially anxious

76
Q

Dependant

A

Submissive clingy

77
Q

Obsessive compulsive

A

Orderly

78
Q

Sociopathy

A

Anti society view, individuals, a product of the environment, sociopathic personality disorder

79
Q

ASPD

A

Based on behavioural assessment

80
Q

Psychopathy

A

Behavioural and affective components

81
Q

A psychopath has a

A

Selfish orientation

Profound emotional deficit

Little or no conscious

82
Q

Measuring psychopathy

A

PCL-R

83
Q

PCL-R

A

20 items, 3 point scale

84
Q

30/40

A

True psychopath

85
Q

Biophyschosocial model

A

A model in which the interaction of biological, psychological, sociocultural factors is seen as influencing the development of the individual

86
Q

Cathartic method

A

Breuer and Freuds method of making a patient recall and relive traumatic events

87
Q

Etiology

A

The description of factors that contribute to the development of a disorder

88
Q

Supernatural

A

Developing from origins beyond the visible observable universe

89
Q

Somatogenisis

A

Developing from physical/ bodily orgins

90
Q

Phychogensis

A

Developing from physiological orgins

91
Q

Humorism

A

Greeks believe four bodily affected their health

Blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm

92
Q

Medical model

A

Abnormal psychological experiences are conceptualized as illnesses that have biological and environmental causes, symptoms, and cures

93
Q

Disthesis stress model

A

A person may be predisposed for a disorder until triggered by stress

94
Q

Specific phobia

A

Irrational fear of particular objects or situations

Elevators

95
Q

Specific phobia categories (5)

A

1) animals (dogs, snakes, rats)
2) natural environments (heights, darkness)
3) situations (bridges, tunnels)
4) blood injections and Injury
5) other phobias (choking, vomiting)

96
Q

Biopsychological perspective

A

Explains mental disorders as the result of interactions among biological, psychological, and social factors

97
Q

Social phobia

A

Irrational fear of being publicly embarrassed

98
Q

Preparedness theory

A

Idea that people are instinctly predisposed toward certain fears

99
Q

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

Chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of trauma, and avoidance of things that call traumatic even to mind

100
Q

Dysthymia

A

Same aspects of depression although less severe and longer lasting

101
Q

Catatonic behaviour

A

Decrease in all movement for a schizophrenia person

Psychology 121 (6 decks)

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