Chapter 9.4 - 9.5

Question 1

Osmotic Pressure

Answer 1

The pressure that results from a difference in solute concentration between the two sides of a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 2

Hyperosmotic

Answer 2

The property of the solution on one side of a selectively permeable membrane that has lower concentrations of water.

Question 3

Hypoosmotic

Answer 3

The property of the solution on one side of a selectively permeable membrane that has the higher concentration of water.

Question 4

Isosmotic

Answer 4

The property of two solutions that have equal water concentrations.

Question 5

Osmoregulation

Answer 5

The process of actively regulating the osmotic pressure of bodily fluids and cells.

Question 6

Contractile Vacuole

Answer 6

A structure in a single celled organism that maintains osmotic equilibrium by pumping excess fluid out of the cell.

Question 7

Metanephridium

Answer 7

An excretory organ in some invertebrates that is used to reabsorb and eliminate wastes.

Question 8

Malpighian Tubule

Answer 8

The main organ of excretion in insects, which is used to carry wastes to the intestines.

Question 9

Nephron

Answer 9

The tiny functional unit of the kidney that filters wastes from the blood.

Question 10

Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 10

A small folded structure in the human kidney that encircles the glomerulus.

Question 11

Glomerulus

Answer 11

A network of capillaries within the Bowman’s capsule that perform the first step in the filtration of blood.

Question 12

Afferent Arteriole

Answer 12

A vessel that supplies blood to the nephrons in the human kidney.

Question 13

Efferent Arteriole

Answer 13

A vessel that carries away filtered blood from the nephrons in the human kidney.

Question 14

Peritubular Capillaries

Answer 14

A net of capillaries in the nephrons that reabsorb essential ions and minerals from filtered blood.

Question 15

Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 15

The duct portion of a nephron that connects the Bowman’s capsule to the loop of Henle.

Question 16

Loop of Henle

Answer 16

The U-shaped part of the duct that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.

Question 17

Distal convoluted tubule

Answer 17

The duct portion of a nephron that connects the loop of Henle to the ducts that lead to the renal pelvis.

Question 18

Filtration

Answer 18

The process in which blood and fluid pass through a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 19

Reabsorption

Answer 19

The transfer of water, ions, and nutrients back to the interstitial fluid via passive and active transport.

Question 20

Aquaporin

Answer 20

A membrane protein that passively transports water molecules.

Question 21

Secretion

Answer 21

The removal of waste materials form the blood and intercellular fluid.